First description of seasonality of birth and diagnosis amongst teenagers and young adults with cancer aged 15–24 years in England, 1996–2005

Laar, Marlous van; Kinsey, Sally; Picton, Susan; Feltbower, Richard

doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-365

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Population mixing and deprivation did not appear to affect incidence of leukaemia in TYAs, contrasting to evidence of a significant association between both covariates and the incidence of leukaemia in children [6, 11]. Similarly, in our previous work focusing on seasonality of birth and diagnosis, our results of TYAs with leukaemia contrasted to those for children with leukaemia [25]. These differences are likely to occur due to differences in the disease epidemiology of leukaemia between these two age groups, whereby ALL dominates childhood leukaemia in contrast to AML more commonly seen in TYAs and the ratio of T-cell to B-cell ALL is higher amongst TYAs compared to children [33–35]; thus suggesting that the aetiology of leukaemia amongst TYAs is very different to that of leukaemia amongst children.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…We have previously shown evidence of seasonality around the time of diagnosis for Hodgkin’s lymphoma and ‘other’ CNS tumours (subgroup 3.5 - [24]) as well as seasonality around the time of birth for those with glioma (except astrocytoma and ependymoma) [25]. In this study we investigated whether there was any evidence of an association between population mixing and these tumours occurring in 15–24 year olds using the same national dataset in England and an ecological study design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population mixing for leukaemia, lymphoma and CNS tumours in teenagers and young adults in England, 1996–2005

et al. 2014

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BackgroundLittle aetiological epidemiological research has been undertaken for major cancers occurring in teenagers and young adults (TYA). Population mixing, as a possible proxy for infectious exposure, has been well researched for childhood malignancies. We aimed to investigate effects of population mixing in this older age group using an English national cancer dataset.MethodsCases of leukaemia, lymphoma and central nervous system (CNS) tumours amongst 15–24 year olds in England (diagnosed 1996–2005) were included in the study. Data were obtained by ward of diagnosis and linked to 1991 census variables including population mixing (Shannon index); data on person-weighted population density and deprivation (Townsend score) were also used and considered as explanatory variables. Associations between TYA cancer incidence and census variables were investigated using negative binomial regression, and results presented as incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 6251 cases of leukaemia (21%), lymphoma (49%) and CNS tumours (30%) were analysed. Higher levels of population mixing were associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of CNS tumours (IRR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75-0.91), accounted for by astrocytomas and ‘other CNS tumours’; however, there was no association with leukaemia or lymphoma. Incidence of CNS tumours and lymphoma was 3% lower in more deprived areas (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99 and IRR = 0.97, 95% CI =0.96-0.98 respectively). Population density was not associated with the incidence of leukaemia, lymphoma or CNS tumours.ConclusionsOur results suggest a possible role for environmental risk factors with population correlates in the aetiology of CNS tumours amongst TYAs. Unlike studies of childhood cancer, associations between population mixing and the incidence of leukaemia and lymphoma were not observed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population mixing for leukaemia, lymphoma and CNS tumours in teenagers and young adults in England, 1996–2005

et al. 2014

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“…A UK study of 128 children with AML (ages <15 years) reported a sinusoidal pattern by season of birth for males only ( P =0.04), with peak risk among those with birthdates in September (11). Another UK study of 463 adolescents and young adults with AML (ages 15–24 years) found no association between season of birth and AML ( P =0.50) (25). A Swedish case-control study of 74 children with AML and an equal number of matched controls found no association between maternal infection and AML, but statistical power was low and season of birth was not examined (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia

et al. 2015

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Infectious etiologies have been hypothesized for acute leukemias because of their high incidence in early childhood, but have seldom been examined for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted the first large cohort study to examine perinatal factors including season of birth, a proxy for perinatal infectious exposures, and risk of AML in childhood through young adulthood. A national cohort of 3,569,333 persons without Down syndrome who were born in Sweden in 1973–2008 were followed up for AML incidence through 2010 (maximum age 38 years). There were 315 AML cases in 69.7 million person-years of follow-up. We found a sinusoidal pattern in AML risk by season of birth (P<0.001), with peak risk among persons born in winter. Relative to persons born in summer (June–August), incidence rate ratios for AML were 1.72 (95% CI, 1.25–2.38; P=0.001) for winter (December-February), 1.37 (95% CI, 0.99–1.90; P=0.06) for spring (March–May), and 1.27 (95% CI, 0.90–1.80; P=0.17) for fall (September–November). Other risk factors for AML included high fetal growth, high gestational age at birth, and low maternal education level. These findings did not vary by sex or age at diagnosis. Sex, birth order, parental age, and parental country of birth were not associated with AML. In this large cohort study, birth in winter was associated with increased risk of AML in childhood through young adulthood, possibly related to immunologic effects of early infectious exposures compared with summer birth. These findings warrant further investigation of the role of seasonally varying perinatal exposures in the etiology of AML.

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“…The few studies that have examined this hypothesis have reported discrepant results, but have varied widely in design, analytic methods, age ranges and populations. [14][15][16] No studies have been conducted using a population-based cohort design with the ability to estimate relative risks of HL or NHL by season of birth. We conducted the first national cohort study to examine whether season of birth is associated with the risk of HL or NHL in childhood through young adulthood.…”

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Season of birth and risk of Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

Crump

Sundquist

Sieh

et al. 2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Infectious etiologies have been hypothesized for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HL and NHL) in early life, but findings to date for specific lymphomas and periods of susceptibility are conflicting. We conducted the first national cohort study to examine whether season of birth, a proxy for infectious exposures in the first few months of life, is associated with HL or NHL in childhood through young adulthood. A total of 3,571,574 persons born in Sweden in 1973–2008 were followed up through 2009 to examine the association between season of birth and incidence of HL (943 cases) or NHL (936 cases). We found a sinusoidal pattern in NHL risk by season of birth (P=0.04), with peak risk occurring among birthdates in April. Relative to persons born in fall (September-November), odds ratios for NHL by season of birth were 1.25 (95% CI, 1.04–1.50; P=0.02) for spring (March-May), 1.22 (95% CI, 1.01–1.48; P=0.04) for summer (June-August), and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.91–1.35; P=0.29) for winter (December-February). These findings did not vary by sex, age at diagnosis, or major subtypes. In contrast, there was no seasonal association between birthdate and risk of HL (P=0.78). In this large cohort study, birth in spring or summer was associated with increased risk of NHL (but not HL) in childhood through young adulthood, possibly related to immunologic effects of delayed infectious exposures compared with fall or winter birth. These findings suggest that immunologic responses in early infancy may play an important role in the development of NHL.

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First description of seasonality of birth and diagnosis amongst teenagers and young adults with cancer aged 15–24 years in England, 1996–2005

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Population mixing for leukaemia, lymphoma and CNS tumours in teenagers and young adults in England, 1996–2005

Population mixing for leukaemia, lymphoma and CNS tumours in teenagers and young adults in England, 1996–2005

Perinatal risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia

Season of birth and risk of Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

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