First Description of Serological Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in Lactating Cows

Fiorito, Filomena; Iovane, Valentina; Pagnini, Ugo; Brandi, Sérgio Duarte; Levante, Martina; Marati, Luisa; Ferrara, Gianmarco; Tammaro, Virginio; Carlo, Esterina De; Iovane, G.; Fusco, Giovanna

doi:10.3390/ani12111459

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…org/licenses/by/4.0/. other highly sensitive animal species, such as minks, cats and dogs and for lower susceptible species, as cattle (Fiorito et al, 2022). Albeit, our results showed that only the 38.4% of the positive herds referred a case of human COVID-19, thus opening the question about further sources of infection for these animals, probably through the environment.…”

Section: Declarationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…In particular, inter-species transmission from humans to animals or intra-species within the flock are not easy to explore. It can be supposed that in areas with large population of small ruminants, associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, close contact between livestock and farmworkers may have caused a reverse zoonotic infection as hypothesized for other highly sensitive animal species, such as minks, cats and dogs and for lower susceptible species, as cattle (Fiorito et al, 2022 ). Albeit, our results showed that only the 38.4% of the positive herds referred a case of human COVID-19, thus opening the question about further sources of infection for these animals, probably through the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The susceptibility of domestic ruminants to SARS-CoV-2 is currently under investigated, albeit these species are of particular interest since, as for other species, cattle and sheep ACE2 shows affinity to SARS-CoV-2 RBD (Zhai et al, 2020 : Di Teodoro et al, 2021 ) and, in particular, livestock are often in close contact with farmworkers and, during grazing, with potential known SARS-CoV-2 wildlife reservoirs (Gaudreault et al 2021 ; Fiorito et al, 2022 ), such as white-tailed deer in North America (Hale et al, 2022 ), the recently reported Asian small-clawed and Eurasian otters, (Padilla-Blanco et al, 2022 ) and/or still unknown susceptible feral species (WOAH, 2022c). Particular concerns have also been highlighted by Lam and colleagues ( 2020 ), who, in order to predict infection risks, analyzed a modelling S-protein:ACE2 complex from sheep, by calculating energetic changes of the complex due to species-specific mutations, as well as by examining chemical-physical affinity due to specific groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the absence or limited clinical signs may lead to underdiagnosed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal species. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated by experimental and natural infections, that positive animals show low amounts of viral shedding, during a very short time (Murphy and Ly, 2021;Ulrich et al, 2020;Falkenberg et al, 2021;Gaudreault et al 2021;Cardillo et al, 2022;Fiorito et al, 2022). Therefore, serological examinations, revealing a previous viral infection, are a useful tool to investigate SARS-CoV-2 host range and prevalence in animal species, and, in particular, virus serum neutralization assay (VSN), that is species-independent and is based on the principle of in vitro interaction between specific neutralizing antibodies and the investigated virus (Wernike et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in small ruminants

et al. 2023

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019 and spread worldwide, quickly becoming a pandemic. This zoonotic coronavirus shows a broad host range, including wildlife and domestic animals. Small ruminants are shown to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 but, to date, no natural infection has been reported. Herein, we performed a survey for SARS-CoV-2 among sheep and goats in the Campania region of Italy using an indirect multispecies ELISA. Next, positive sera were submitted to virus serum neutralization for the quantification of specific neutralizing antibodies. Out of 612 sheep and goats, 23 were found ELISA positive (3.75%) and 1 of them showed 1:20 neutralizing antibodies titer. No significant difference was found between the two species, as well as between male and female, geographical location and age. Our findings demonstrate that natural infection can occur in flocks in a field situation. Moreover, low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is reported for sheep and goats, nevertheless, the continuous mutations of this virus open new scenarios on viral host range and tropism, highlighting the importance of investigating animal species that could represent ongoing or future possible hosts.

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Section: Declarationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in small ruminants

et al. 2023

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“…Further, the study also found limited seroconversion and no clear evidence of transmission to sentinel calves[18]. A study in 2022 reported detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in lactating cows in Italy[19]. Subsequently, a serological survey in Germany found antibody evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 exposure of cattle[20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of serological assays and sero-surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in US cattle

Ramasamy,

Qureshi,

Mukherjee

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose a significant threat to public health globally. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates a unique capacity to infect various non-human animal species, documented in captive and free-living animals. However, experimental studies revealed low susceptibility of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) to ancestral B.1 lineage SARS-CoV-2 infection, with limited viral replication and seroconversion. Despite the emergence of viral variants with potentially altered host tropism, recent experimental findings indicate greater permissiveness of cattle to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection compared to other variants, though with limited seroconversion and no clear evidence of transmission. While some studies detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle in Italy and Germany, there is no evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in cattle from the United States or elsewhere. Since serological tests have inherent problems of false positives and negatives, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of multiple serological assays on over 600 cattle serum samples, including pre-pandemic and pandemic cattle sera. We found that SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assays with a luciferase reporter system can produce false positive results, and care must be taken to interpret serological diagnosis using these assays. We found no serological evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission among cattle in the USA. Hence, it is critical to develop more reliable serological assays tailored to accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle populations and rigorously evaluate diagnostic tools. This study underscores the importance of robust evaluation when employing serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection in cattle populations.

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Five Things Clinicians Need to Know About Zoonotic Viral Spillover and Spillback

2024

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Since the 1990s, multiple infectious diseases have "spilled over" from nonhuman animals to infect humans and cause significant global morbidity and mortality. Despite efforts to detect and respond to such threats, surveillance and mitigation efforts have been criticized as ineffective. This article describes what "spillover" and "spillback" events are and canvasses 5 ways in which clinicians can improve emerging microbial pathogen, especially viral, detection and containment responses.The American Medical Association designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ available through the AMA Ed Hub TM . Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

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First Description of Serological Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in Lactating Cows

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

First serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in small ruminants

First serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in small ruminants

Comparative analysis of serological assays and sero-surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in US cattle

Five Things Clinicians Need to Know About Zoonotic Viral Spillover and Spillback

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