First detection and genetic characterization of a novel kirkovirus from a dead thoroughbred mare in northern Xinjiang, China, in 2018

Metagenomic techniques have facilitated the discovery of thousands of viruses, yet because samples are often highly biodiverse, fundamental data on the specific cellular hosts are usually missing. Numerous gastrointestinal viruses linked to human or animal diseases are affected by this, preventing research into their medical or veterinary importance. Here, we developed a computational workflow for the prediction of viral hosts from complex metagenomic datasets. We applied it to seven lineages of gastrointestinal cressdnaviruses using 1,124 metagenomic datasets, predicting hosts of four lineages. The Redondoviridae, strongly associated to human gum disease (periodontitis), were predicted to infect Entamoeba gingivalis, an oral pathogen itself involved in periodontitis. The Kirkoviridae, originally linked to fatal equine disease, were predicted to infect a variety of parabasalid protists, including Dientamoeba fragilis in humans. Two viral lineages observed in human diarrhoeal disease (CRESSV1 and CRESSV19, i.e. pecoviruses and hudisaviruses) were predicted to infect Blastocystis spp. and Endolimax nana respectively, protists responsible for millions of annual human infections. Our prediction approach is adaptable to any virus lineage and requires neither training datasets nor host genome assemblies. Two host predictions (for the Kirkoviridae and CRESSV1 lineages) could be independently confirmed as virus–host relationships using endogenous viral elements identified inside host genomes, while a further prediction (for the Redondoviridae) was strongly supported as a virus–host relationship using a case–control screening experiment of human oral plaques.

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“…2015 ; Guo et al. 2018 ; Xie et al. 2020 ), and have also been found in stools of both humans and pigs ( Shan et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host prediction for disease-associated gastrointestinal cressdnaviruses

et al. 2022

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“…These kirV and human, rodent, horse, porcine, bovine and macaca mulatta-origin CRESS DNA viruses were clustered into the proposed family Kirkoviridae but was divergent from the lineages of Circovirus, and Cyclovirus (Figure 2). Unfortunately, similar to previous studies (Xie et al 2020;Tong et al 2022), we also attempted to isolate the kirV using PK15, ST and Vero cells, but were not successful. Next study will continue to try to isolate viruses using other types of cells.…”

Section: Analysis Of Porcine Kirv Rep Genesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Kirkovirus (kirV), belonging to the family "Kirkoviridae", has been identi ed in the liver, spleen of a thoroughbred horse with fatal idiopathic hepatopathy (Li et al 2015), fecal sample of a dead thoroughbred mare (Xie et al 2020), and the fecal samples of healthy milk donkey (Tong et al 2022). It has been established that similar to the members of the family Circoviridae (Meehan et al 1998;Morozov et al 1998;Palinski et al 2016), kirV is characterized by a circular genome, but they possess relatively larger genome (3,732 to 3,800 nt) (GenBank nos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KR902498, MK520880, MW147105, MW147107, MW147108) and a more complex genomic structure (six ORFs, ORF> 300 nt) in comparison to circovirus and cyclovirus (Li et al 2015;Xie et al 2020;Tong et al 2022). So far, kirV has been only reported in horse and donkey, but the positive rate for kirV in horse and donkey fecal samples was found to range from 11% to 60% (Xie et al 2020;Tong et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First detection and genetic characterization of donkey-like kirkovirus in diarrhoeal piglets in Xinjiang, China

Tong,

Wang,

Dang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Kirkovirus (kirV), a seemingly novel virus family, has been found in horses and donkey. The objectives of the study intend to investigate the presence of the virus in swine. In this study, donkey-like kirkovirus (kirV) was detected in anal swabs of piglets with diarrhoea and the positive rate was found to be 100% (149/149), but this virus was detected in only one of 261 clinically healthy piglets, which suggested a strong relationship between the kirV and the diarrhoeal disease. We obtained the whole-genome sequences of three kirVs (named Cj-D5, Cj-D32 and Cj-D43), with length of 3750 nt and sharing 99.9% nucleotide (nt)-identity with donkey kirVs. Furthermore, three viruses shared 88.5%–100%, and 23%–51% of the Rep protein sequence identity with available reference strains of the families Kirkoviridae, Circoviridae, respectively. Moreover, like horse and donkey kirVs, RCR domain and P-loop NTPase domains of Rep protein and nonanucleotide motif (CAATATTAC), of the three viruses, were similar to those of Circovirusesand Cycloviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses could be potentially grouped together with members in the proposed family Kirkoviridae. This is the first report to describe that kirV can circulate in piglets with diarrhoea and future studies are needed to determine the pathogenesis of this virus.

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“…The cDNA library of the intranasal papilloma tissue was prepared according to a previously described method [8]. Brie y, the tissue was grinded and pooled to extract the viral nucleic acids that were reverse transcribed and then randomly ampli ed.…”

Section: Cdna Library Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Detection and Genetic Characterization of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus 1, 2 and 7 in China

Tong¹,

Song²,

Ren³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Nine species of Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV) have been reported to infect horses, however, there are so far no reports of such infections in China. Results: In our pioneer study with Chinese horses, we found EcPV-1 in intranasal papilloma and nasal swabs, EcPV-2 in nasal swabs and semen, and EcPV-7 primarily in semen. This indicates that EcPVs are indeed hosted by horses in China, and that EcPV-2 and 7 may be getting transmitted though breeding. Sequence analyses for complete genomic sequences of EcPV-1 (G2), EcPV-2 (XJ-KS1391) and EcPV-7 (XJ-zs1) were performed which indicated that EcPV-1, 2 and 7, that infect horses in China, share 99.3% nt identity with the already published sequences for EcPV-1, 2 and 7. These observations indicate that three types of EcPVs identified in the current study are highly similar variants of previously known types of EcPV-1, 2 and 7. Phylogenetic analysis based on L1 genes in GenBank showed that EcPV-1, 2 and 7, found in Chinese horses, are closely related to and clustered together with already known EcPV-1, 2 and 7, respectively. Conclusion: Our study provides a novel evidence for EcPVs infection and circulation in Chinese horses and thus lays the foundation for a systematic and detailed epidemiological study of these infections in Chinese horses.

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First detection and genetic characterization of a novel kirkovirus from a dead thoroughbred mare in northern Xinjiang, China, in 2018

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Host prediction for disease-associated gastrointestinal cressdnaviruses

Host prediction for disease-associated gastrointestinal cressdnaviruses

First detection and genetic characterization of donkey-like kirkovirus in diarrhoeal piglets in Xinjiang, China

First Detection and Genetic Characterization of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus 1, 2 and 7 in China

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