First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in reindeers (Rangifer tarandus): a zoonotic potential of ITS genotypes

Liu, Weishi; Nie, Chunyu; Zhang, Longxian; Wang, Rongjun; Liu, Aiqin; Zhao, Wei; Li, Heping

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1155-0

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…E . bieneusi is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and has been reported in humans as well as many animals, such as cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, horses, goats, birds, giant pandas, red pandas, deer, snakes, and golden takins [ 6 , 16 , 18 , 23 , 26 , 28 – 30 ]. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to reveal the presence of E .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Sichuan, China

Deng

Yu³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common opportunistic pathogen causing diarrhea and enteric disease in a variety of animal hosts. Although it has been reported in many animals, there is no published information available on the occurrence of E. bieneusi in red-bellied tree squirrels. To understand the occurrence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in red-bellied tree squirrels, 144 fecal specimens from Sichuan province, China, were examined by PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of E. bieneusi. The overall infection rate of E. bieneusi 16.7% (24/144) was observed in red-bellied tree squirrels. Altogether five genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified: three known genotypes D (n = 18), EbpC (n = 3), SC02 (n = 1) and two novel genotypes CE01, CE02 (one each). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis employing three microsatellite (MS1, MS3, MS7) and one minisatellite (MS4) revealed 16, 14, 7 and 14 positive specimens were successfully sequenced, and identified eight, three, three and two genotypes at four loci, respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, the three known genotypes D, EbpC, and SC02 were clustered into group 1 with zoonotic potential, and the two novel genotypes CE01 and CE02 were clustered into group 6. The present study firstly reported the occurrence of E. bieneusi in red-bellied tree squirrels in China, and the E. bieneusi genotypes D and EbpC were found in humans previously. These results indicate that red-bellied tree squirrels may play a potential role in the transmission of E. bieneusi to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Sichuan, China

Deng

Yu³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…To date, 137 deer-derived E. bieneusi isolates have been identified out of 852 deer. The infection rates by E. bieneusi varied from 7.1% to 75.0% in different deer species from different countries and areas ( Table 3 ), with 75.0% in hog deer [ 17 ], 34.1% in Père David's deer [ 34 ], 16.8% in reindeer [ 19 ], 7.7–25.0% in red deer [17,37, this study], 7.1–50.0% in sika deer [ 17 , 33 , 37 ], 11.1% in Siberian roe deer (this study), and 12.2–32.5% in white-tail deer [ 10 , 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance of the Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype BEB6 in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) in China and a brief literature review

et al. 2017

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans and is also found in a wide range of animals. It is considered to be an important but neglected zoonotic pathogen. With the development of deer bred in captivity, the number of deer has been increasing in recent years in China and there are more people involved in this work. The aims of this study were to determine prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus), and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A total of 122 fecal specimens were collected from 104 red deer and 18 roe deer from three deer farms in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces, China. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected and genotyped by PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. The average infection rate was 8.2% (10/122), with 7.7% (8/104) for red deer and 11.1% (2/18) for roe deer. Two genotypes were identified: a known genotype BEB6 (n = 9) and a novel genotype named HLJD-VI (n = 1). This is the first report of E. bieneusi infection in Siberian roe deer. The fact that genotype BEB6 was detected previously in one human case of microsporidiosis, and that genotype HLJD-VI fell into zoonotic group 1, suggest the possibility of transmission to humans. A brief review of E. bieneusi genotypes in deer worldwide shows that 40 genotypes have been found in seven deer species, with genotype BEB6 being predominant.

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“…Genotype CHN-RD1 showed predominance in Rex rabbits (54.5%; 12/22). This genotype was originally detected in reindeers living in the northeast forest region of Great Hinggan Mountains, China [29]. The other four known genotypes (Type IV, Peru6, D, and I) have previously been found in both humans and animals, suggesting possible zoonotic transmission from Rex rabbits to humans [33, 45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to genotypes D and Type IV, genotypes Peru6 and I have a small number and a limited geographical area in human cases infected with E. bieneusi , with the former only found in Peru and Portugal [4, 8, 31, 49], and the latter only in China [56]. In China, to date, genotype Peru6 has been identified in sheep and goats, reindeers, red-crowned cranes, ducks, geese, and pigeons, as well as in wastewater [25, 29, 62, 63]; genotype I has been found in nonhuman primates, cats, a chicken, pigeons, pigs, and golden takins [13, 16, 17, 37, 39, 59, 60]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtyping ofCryptosporidium cuniculusand genotyping ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiin rabbits in two farms in Heilongjiang Province, China

et al. 2016

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are two prevalent opportunistic pathogens in humans and animals. Currently, few data are available on genetic characterization of both pathogens in rabbits in China. The aim of the present study was to understand prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in rabbits. We collected 215 fecal samples from 150 Rex rabbits and 65 New Zealand White rabbits on two different farms in Heilongjiang Province, China. Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing the partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, respectively. Cryptosporidium was detected in 3.3% (5/150) of Rex rabbits and 29.2% (19/65) of New Zealand White rabbits. All the 24 Cryptosporidium isolates were identified as C. cuniculus. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was only found in 14.7% (22/150) of Rex rabbits. Five known genotypes: CHN-RD1 (n = 12), D (n = 3), Type IV (n = 2), Peru6 (n = 1), and I (n = 1), and three novel ones CHN-RR1 to CHN-RR3 (one each) were detected. By analyzing the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene sequences of C. cuniculus isolates, three subtypes were obtained: VbA28 (n = 2), VbA29 (n = 16), and VbA32 (n = 3). All these three C. cuniculus subtypes were reported previously in humans. Four known E. bieneusi genotypes have been found to be present in humans. The three novel ones fell into zoonotic group 1. The results suggest zoonotic potential of C. cuniculus and E. bieneusi isolates in rabbits.

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First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in reindeers (Rangifer tarandus): a zoonotic potential of ITS genotypes

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Sichuan, China

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Sichuan, China

Dominance of the Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype BEB6 in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) in China and a brief literature review

Subtyping ofCryptosporidium cuniculusand genotyping ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiin rabbits in two farms in Heilongjiang Province, China

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