First detection of ammonia (NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) in the Asian summer monsoon upper troposphere

Höpfner, Michael; Volkamer, Rainer; Grabowski, U.; Grutter, Michel; Orphal, J.; Stiller, G. P.; Clarmann, T. von; Wetzel, G.

doi:10.5194/acp-16-14357-2016

Cited by 65 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In a new finding, the model indicates the presence of gas‐phase ammonia, preferentially on the northern flank of the ASM anticyclone. This provides evidence to support spectral measurements made from the MIPAS satellite and aircraft limb IR measurements during the StratoClim campaign (Höpfner et al, , ). Backscatter estimates diagnosed from the model simulation are low compared with those obtained from CALIPSO observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Estimates of Regional Source Contributions to the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer Using a Chemical Transport Model

et al. 2020

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The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) represents an accumulation of aerosol in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere associated with the Asian Summer Monsoon. Here we simulate the ATAL for summer 2013 with the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model and explore the likely composition of ATAL aerosols and the relative contributions of regional anthropogenic sources versus those from farther afield. The model indicates significant contributions from organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosol, with regional anthropogenic precursor sources dominant. The model underestimates aerosol backscatter in the ATAL during summer 2013, compared with Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite instrument. Tests of a more physically based treatment of wet scavenging of SO2 in convective updrafts raise sulfate, eliminating the low bias with respect to CALIPSO backscatter in the ATAL, but lead to an unacceptable high bias of sulfate compared with in situ observations from aircraft over the United States. Source apportionment of the model results indicate the dominance of regional anthropogenic emissions from China and the Indian subcontinent to aerosol concentrations in the ATAL; ~60% of sulfate in the ATAL region in August 2013 is attributable to anthropogenic sources of SO2 from China (~30%) and from the Indian subcontinent (~30%), twice as much as in previously published estimates. Nitrate aerosol is found to be a dominant component of aerosol composition on the southern flank of the Asian Summer Monsoon anticyclone. Lightning sources of NOx are found to make a significant (10–15%) contribution to nitrate in the ATAL for the case studied.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Estimates of Regional Source Contributions to the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer Using a Chemical Transport Model

et al. 2020

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“…, ]. Seasonal enhancements observed in several trace gases and aerosols have indicated such trapping of polluted air masses [ Li et al , ; Fu et al , ; Park et al , , ; Funke et al , ; Glatthor et al , , ; Xiong et al , ; Randel et al , ; Schuck et al , ; Baker et al , ; Vernier et al , , ; Fadnavis et al , ; Umezawa et al , ; Barret et al , ; Chirkov et al , ; Gu et al , ; Höpfner et al , ; Ungermann et al , ].…”

Section: Background Motivation and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive overview of the climatological composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone based on 10 years of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements

et al. 2017

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Intense deep convection associated with the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) lofts surface pollutants to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS), where strong winds and long chemical lifetimes allow intercontinental transport, affecting atmospheric composition around the globe. The Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), launched in 2004, makes simultaneous colocated measurements of trace gases and cloud ice water content (a proxy for deep convection) in the UTLS on a daily basis. Here we exploit the dense spatial and temporal coverage, long‐term data record, extensive measurement suite, and insensitivity to aerosol and most clouds of Aura MLS to characterize the climatological (2005–2014) composition of the ASM anticyclone throughout its annual life cycle. We use version 4 MLS data to quantify spatial and temporal variations in both tropospheric (H2O, CO, CH3Cl, CH3CN, CH3OH) and stratospheric (O3, HNO3, HCl) tracers on four potential temperature surfaces (350–410 K). Inside the mature anticyclone, all species exhibit substantial changes, not only from their premonsoon distributions in the ASM region but also from their summertime distributions in the rest of the hemisphere. Different tracers exhibit dissimilar seasonal evolution, and the exact location and timing of their extreme values vary. Although individual aspects of the anticyclone have been described previously, we present a uniquely comprehensive overview of the climatological seasonal evolution of the ASM and its impact on UTLS composition. This work provides valuable context for planned in situ measurements as well as a benchmark for model evaluation and future investigations of interannual variability and long‐term changes in monsoon processes.

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“…Ammonia is a significant trace gas and is a subject of studies of different remote‐sensing missions (e.g., Beer et al, ; Höpfner et al, ). Experimental studies under Jovian conditions (Devaraj et al, ) suggested that broadening of ammonia lines by water can make an important difference when interpreting spectra from gas giants.…”

Section: Generated Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonia is a significant trace gas and is a subject of studies of different remote-sensing missions (e.g., Beer et al, 2008;Höpfner et al, 2016).…”

Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Water‐Vapor Broadening Parameters and Their Temperature‐Dependent Exponents Into the HITRAN Database: Part I—CO₂, N₂O, CO, CH₄, O₂, NH₃, and H₂S

et al. 2019

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The amount of water vapor in the terrestrial atmosphere is highly variable both spatially and temporally. In the tropics it sometimes constitutes 4–5% of the atmosphere. At the same time collisional broadening of spectral lines by water vapor is much larger than that by nitrogen and oxygen. Therefore, in order to accurately characterize and model spectra of the atmospheres with significant amounts of water vapor, the line‐shape parameters for spectral lines broadened by water vapor are required. In this work, the pressure‐broadening parameters (and their temperature‐dependent exponents) due to the pressure of water vapor for spectral lines of CO2, N2O, CO, CH4, O2, NH3, and H2S from both experimental and theoretical studies were collected and carefully reviewed. A set of semiempirical models based on these collected data was proposed and then used to estimate water broadening and its temperature dependence for all transitions of selected molecules in the HITRAN2016 database.

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First detection of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) in the Asian summer monsoon upper troposphere

Cited by 65 publications

References 77 publications

Estimates of Regional Source Contributions to the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer Using a Chemical Transport Model

Estimates of Regional Source Contributions to the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer Using a Chemical Transport Model

A comprehensive overview of the climatological composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone based on 10 years of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements

Introduction of Water‐Vapor Broadening Parameters and Their Temperature‐Dependent Exponents Into the HITRAN Database: Part I—CO₂, N₂O, CO, CH₄, O₂, NH₃, and H₂S

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First detection of ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) in the Asian summer monsoon upper troposphere

Cited by 65 publications

References 77 publications

Estimates of Regional Source Contributions to the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer Using a Chemical Transport Model

Estimates of Regional Source Contributions to the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer Using a Chemical Transport Model

A comprehensive overview of the climatological composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone based on 10 years of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements

Introduction of Water‐Vapor Broadening Parameters and Their Temperature‐Dependent Exponents Into the HITRAN Database: Part I—CO2, N2O, CO, CH4, O2, NH3, and H2S

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First detection of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) in the Asian summer monsoon upper troposphere

Introduction of Water‐Vapor Broadening Parameters and Their Temperature‐Dependent Exponents Into the HITRAN Database: Part I—CO₂, N₂O, CO, CH₄, O₂, NH₃, and H₂S