First detection of enterovirus 71 from an acute flaccid paralysis case with residual paralysis in Iran

Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh; Mehrabi, Zahra; Eshraghian, Mohammad Reza; Azad, Talat Mokhtari; Tabatabaie, Hamideh; Yousefi, Maryam; Farrokhi, Kobra; Gouya, Mohammad Mehdí; Esteghamati, Abolreza; Moosavi, Taha; Zahraie, Mohsen; Rad, K. Samimi; Shokati, Zahra; Nategh, R

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2008.02.013

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…71 and EV 75, may have been missed due to their poor sensitivity to grow in cell lines. 29,30 In conclusion, the serological and molecular evidences demonstrate that CBV 5 was the predominant strain followed by ECV 19 in an encephalitis epidemic that occurred in Uttar Pradesh, India. Both serotypes (ECV 19 and CBV 5) were variants and evolved in the studied area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

An epidemic of encephalitis associated with human enterovirus B in Uttar Pradesh, India, 2008

Kumar

Shukla

Kumar

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

An epidemic of encephalitis associated with human enterovirus B in Uttar Pradesh, India, 2008

Kumar

Shukla

Kumar

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…In Iran, only EV71 of subgenotype C1 was detected from a child with AFP in 2005 (90). In Greece, all EV71 strains detected from children with HFMD, febrile illness, or maculopapular rash belonged to subgenotype C2 in 2009–2010 (109).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human enterovirus 71 epidemics: what's next?

Yip

Lau

Woo

et al. 2013

Emerging Health Threats Journal

149

163

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Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) epidemics have affected various countries in the past 40 years. EV71 commonly causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, but can result in neurological and cardiorespiratory complications in severe cases. Genotypic changes of EV71 have been observed in different places over time, with the emergence of novel genotypes or subgenotypes giving rise to serious outbreaks. Since the late 1990s, intra- and inter-typic recombination events in EV71 have been increasingly reported in the Asia-Pacific region. In particular, ‘double-recombinant’ EV71 strains belonging to a novel genotype D have been predominant in mainland China and Hong Kong over the last decade, though co-circulating with a minority of other EV71 subgenotypes and coxsackie A viruses. Continuous surveillance and genome studies are important to detect potential novel mutants or recombinants in the near future. Rapid and sensitive molecular detection of EV71 is of paramount importance in anticipating and combating EV71 outbreaks.

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“…The disease is characterized by a brief febrile illness, typical vesicular rashes on the palms, soles, or buttocks, and oropharyngeal ulcers, and it can usually resolve spontaneously. In some rare cases, however, patients may also develop neurological complications such as neurogenic pulmonary edema, aseptic meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis [4]–[6]. As is well known, the most common etiological agents of HFMD are human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), with different ratios [5], [7]–[9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Multiple Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China: Outbreaks of Coxsackieviruses A10 and B3

et al. 2014

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been one of the most common infectious diseases in Shijiazhuang City, as is the situation in China overall. In the National HFMD surveillance system, the pathogen detection was focused on EV-A71 and CVA16, and therefore, information on the other EVs is very limited. In order to identify the circulating EV serotypes in the HFMD outbreaks in Shijiazhuang City during 2010–2012, 4045 patients presented with HFMD were recruited in the study, and clinical samples were investigated. Typing of EV serotypes was performed using the molecular typing methods, and phylogenetic analyses based on entire VP1 sequences of human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), CVA10 and CVB3 was performed. The results revealed that EV-A71 and CVA16 were the 2 most important pathogens but the circulating trends of the 2 viruses showed a shift, the spread of EV-A71 became increasingly weak, whereas the spread of CVA16 became increasingly stronger. CVA10 and CVB3 were the third and fourth most prevalent pathogens, respectively. Co-infection of two viruses at the same time was not found in these samples. Based on entire VP1 region sequences, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that C4a subgenotype EV-A71, B1a and B1b subgenotype CVA16 continued to evolve. The CVA10 strains were assigned to 4 genotypes (A–D), whereas the CVB3 strains were assigned to 5 genotypes (A–E), with clear geographical and temporal-specific distributions. The Shijiazhuang CVA10 sequences belonged to 4 epidemic lineages within genotype C, whereas the Shijiazhuang CVB3 sequences belonged to 2 epidemic lineages within genotype E, which may have the same origins as the strains reported in other part of China. CVA10 and CVB3, 2 pathogens that were previously infrequently detected, were identified as pathogens causing the HFMD outbreaks. This study underscores the need for detailed laboratory-based surveillances of HFMD in mainland China.

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First detection of enterovirus 71 from an acute flaccid paralysis case with residual paralysis in Iran

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

An epidemic of encephalitis associated with human enterovirus B in Uttar Pradesh, India, 2008

An epidemic of encephalitis associated with human enterovirus B in Uttar Pradesh, India, 2008

Human enterovirus 71 epidemics: what's next?

Prevalence of Multiple Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China: Outbreaks of Coxsackieviruses A10 and B3

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