First Detection of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus in the European Union, Italy-2022

Lorusso, Alessio; Cappai, Stefano; Loi, Federica; Pinna, Lorenzo A.; Ruiu, Angelo; Puggioni, Giantonella; Guercio, Annalisa; Purpari, Giuseppa; Vicari, Domenico; Sghaier, Soufien; Zientara, Stéphan; Spedicato, Massimo; Hammami, Salah; Hassine, Thameur Ben; Portanti, Ottavio; Bréard, Emmanuel; Sailleau, Corinne; Ancora, Massimo; Sabatino, Daria Di; Morelli, Daniela; Calistri, Paolo; Savini, Giovanni

doi:10.1101/2022.11.23.517495

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…After BTV-like clinical signs were noticed in some animals, EHDV was identified as the causative agent of cattle disease outbreaks in Sicily and southwestern Sardinia ( Figure 2 b). Subsequently, it was confirmed that these outbreaks were caused by EHDV-8, an identical strain to the one circulating in Tunisia between 2021 and 2022, pointing to North Africa as the direct origin [ 80 ]. Consecutively, EHDV outbreaks were detected in southern Spain, with EHDV serotype 8 confirmed and notified to the WOAH as the causative agent ( Figure 2 b).…”

Section: Changes In Ehdv Epidemiology: Influence Of Global Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus: Current Knowledge and Emerging Perspectives

Jiménez-Cabello¹,

Utrilla-Trigo²,

Lorenzo³

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) of ruminants is a viral pathology that has significant welfare, social, and economic implications. The causative agent, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), belongs to the Orbivirus genus and leads to significant regional disease outbreaks among livestock and wildlife in North America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, causing significant morbidity and mortality. During the past decade, this viral disease has become a real threat for countries of the Mediterranean basin, with the recent occurrence of several important outbreaks in livestock. Moreover, the European Union registered the first cases of EHDV ever detected within its territory. Competent vectors involved in viral transmission, Culicoides midges, are expanding its distribution, conceivably due to global climate change. Therefore, livestock and wild ruminants around the globe are at risk for this serious disease. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about EHDV, including changes of distribution and virulence, an examination of different animal models of disease, and a discussion about potential treatments to control the disease.

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Section: Changes In Ehdv Epidemiology: Influence Of Global Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus: Current Knowledge and Emerging Perspectives

Jiménez-Cabello¹,

Utrilla-Trigo²,

Lorenzo³

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…This global distribution, along with a wide range of susceptible hosts, leads to a presumable significant annual worldwide economic impact (7) and jeopardizes wild ruminant populations. The upsurge of EHDV in regions where no cases were previously reported, like the recent incursion and spread in southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Portugal and France) of EHDV-8 (8,9) or the Ivyspring International Publisher northwards expansion in North America (10,11), as well as the increasing severity and prevalence among bovine populations, emphasize the relevance of this arboviral disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

IFNAR(-/-) Mice Constitute a Suitable Animal Model for Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Study and Vaccine Evaluation

Jiménez-Cabello,

Utrilla-Trigo,

Benavides-Silván

et al. 2024

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD), caused by Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), is an emerging and severe livestock disease. Recent incursion and distribution of EHDV in Europe have outlined the emerging character of EHD. Despite its worldwide impact, numerous knowledge gaps exist. A range of inconveniences restricts utilization of natural hosts of EHDV. Here, we show that adult mice deficient in type I IFN receptor (IFNAR(-/-)) are highly susceptible to EHDV-6 and EHDV-8 infection when the virus is administered subcutaneously. Disease was characterized by ruffled hair, reluctance to move, dehydration and conjunctivitis, with viraemia detected from day 5 post-infection. A deeper characterization of EHDV-8 infection showed viral replication in the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, testis and ovaries. Importantly, increased expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL2 were observed in spleen after EHDV-8 infection. Furthermore, IFNAR(-/-) adult mice immunized with a EHDV-8 inactivated vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies specific of EHDV-8 and full protection against challenge with a lethal dose of this virus. This study also explores the possibilities of this animal model for study of BTV and EHDV coinfection. In summary, the IFNAR(-/-) mouse model faithfully recapitulates EHD and can be applied for vaccine testing, which can facilitate progress in addressing the animal health challenge posed by this virus.

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“…Historically, epidemiologic patterns and the geographical distribution of both BTV and EHDV have been consistent [ 18 ]. However, the previously defined geographical limits of these viruses are changing, with outbreaks occurring more frequently and in areas not previously considered at risk [ 7 , 19 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and diversity of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southern Ontario, Canada

et al. 2023

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Background Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is a genus of hematophagous midges feeding on various vertebrate hosts and serving as a vector for numerous pathogens important to livestock and wildlife health. North American pathogens include bluetongue (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) viruses. Little is known about Culicoides spp. distribution and abundance and species composition in Ontario, Canada, despite bordering numerous U.S. states with documented Culicoides spp. and BT and EHD virus activity. We sought to characterize Culicoides spp. distribution and abundance and to investigate whether select meteorological and ecological risk factors influenced the abundance of Culicoides biguttatus, C. stellifer, and the subgenus Avaritia trapped throughout southern Ontario. Methods From June to October of 2017 to 2018, CDC-type LED light suction traps were placed on twelve livestock-associated sites across southern Ontario. Culicoides spp. collected were morphologically identified to the species level when possible. Associations were examined using negative binomial regression among C. biguttatus, C. stellifer, and subgenus Avaritia abundance, and select factors: ambient temperature, rainfall, primary livestock species, latitude, and habitat type. Results In total, 33,905 Culicoides spp. midges were collected, encompassing 14 species from seven subgenera and one species group. Culicoides sonorensis was collected from three sites during both years. Within Ontario, the northern trapping locations had a pattern of seasonal peak abundance in August (2017) and July (2018), and the southern locations had abundance peaks in June for both years. Culicoides biguttatus, C. stellifer, and subgenus Avaritia were significantly more abundant if ovine was the primary livestock species at trapping sites (compared to bovine). Culicoides stellifer and subgenus Avaritia were significantly more abundant at mid- to high-temperature ranges on trap days (i.e., 17.3–20.2 and 20.3–31.0 °C compared to 9.5–17.2 °C). Additionally, subgenus Avaritia were significantly more abundant if rainfall 4 weeks prior was between 2.7 and 20.1 mm compared to 0.0 mm and if rainfall 8 weeks prior was between 0.1 and 2.1 mm compared to 0.0 mm. Conclusions Results from our study describe Culicoides spp. distribution in southern Ontario, the potential for spread and maintenance of EHD and BT viruses, and concurrent health risks to livestock and wildlife in southern Ontario in reference to certain meteorological and ecological risk factors. We identified that Culicoides spp. are diverse in this province, and appear to be distinctly distributed spatially and temporally. The livestock species present, temperature, and rainfall appear to have an impact on the abundance of C. biguttatus, C. stellifer, and subgenus Avaritia trapped. These findings could help inform targeted surveillance, control measures, and the development of management guides for Culicoides spp. and EHD and BT viruses in southern Ontario, Canada. Graphical Abstract

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First Detection of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus in the European Union, Italy-2022

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus: Current Knowledge and Emerging Perspectives

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus: Current Knowledge and Emerging Perspectives

IFNAR(-/-) Mice Constitute a Suitable Animal Model for Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Study and Vaccine Evaluation

Abundance and diversity of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southern Ontario, Canada

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