First detection of Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite of European honey bees (Apis mellifera), in Canada and central USA

Williams, Geoffrey R.; Shafer, Aaron B. A.; Rogers, Richard G.; Shutler, Dave; Stewart, Donald T.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2007.08.005

Cited by 134 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since EU and Croatian regulations prohibit the use of antibiotics in controlling apian diseases, it appears necessary to introduce herbal preparations into the treatment of Nosema disease. Currently, beekeepers outside of Europe use Fumagillin which is effective against N. apis and N. ceranae infections (Higes et al, 2008(Higes et al, , 2009Williams et al, 2008). However, it is has been established that it cannot eradicate closely related species like Nosema bombi (Whittington and Winston, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the herbal preparation Nozevit on the mid-gut structure of honeybees (Apis mellifera) infected with Nosema sp. spores

Gajger¹,

Kozarić²,

Berta³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The histopathological structure as well as content and distribution of mucosubstances in the mid-gut mucosa of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) treated with the phyto-pharmacological preparation Nozevit was studied. For the purpose of describing neutral, acid and sulphate mucopolysaccharides we used the Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction (PAS), Alcian blue-specific (pH = 1.0 and 2.5) and Toluidine blue-specific staining. Based on our results we have concluded that the herbal preparation Nozevit induces the production and secretion of mucous from the epithelial layer of treated bees, and additionally coats the peritrophic membrane to form a firm and resilient envelope. Thus, the preparation may ensure protection from new invasion with Nosema sp. spores and also from normal physiological processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the herbal preparation Nozevit on the mid-gut structure of honeybees (Apis mellifera) infected with Nosema sp. spores

Gajger¹,

Kozarić²,

Berta³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…N. ceranae, a microscopic fungus which causes the most common adult bee disease Nosemosis (type C) (Paxton, 2010;Santrac, Granato, & Mutinelli, 2010) is a more recent transfer from the Asian honeybee A. cerana and was first reported in Europe in 2005 (Higes, Martin, & Meana, 2006;Antunez et al, 2009;Botias et al, 2012). N. ceranae was confirmed in many European countries (Paxton, Klee, Korpela, & Fries, 2007) including Canada and USA (Williams, Shafer, Rogers, Shutler, & Stewart, 2008). N. ceranae infects A. mellifera populations elsewhere in the world (Chen, Evans, Smith, & Pettis, 2008;Giersch, Berg, Galea, & Hornitzky, 2009;Higes, Martin, & Meana, 2006, Huang, Jiang, Chen, & Wang, 2007Invernizzi et al, 2009.…”

Section: ) European Foulbroodmentioning

confidence: 96%

Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) and Pollination Issues: Current status, impacts and potential drivers of decline

Paudel¹,

Mackereth²,

Hanley³

et al. 2015

JAS

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European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are important pollinators of many fruits, nuts, vegetables and field crops. Honey bees also pollinate different wild flowering plants and help to maintain the ecosystems. Currently, these pollinators are facing a number of threats including habitat destruction, pesticides, mites, parasites and loss of genetic diversity. Because of the decline in their number, there is a great loss of ecological services which impacts the world's economy. This review of honey bee and pollination issues highlights the need of protection and conservation of these important pollinators. Research is required to quantify the synergistic effects of potential drivers for current colony loss and to identify the ecotypes and native species of honey bees which are more resistant to pests, pathogens and pesticides.

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“…Colony level symptoms produced by N. ceranae infections have been described to be different from N. apis symptoms (Higes et al, 2008;. A gradual depopulation of adult bees, higher autumn / winter colony mortality, and finally the queen surrounded by only young bees have been observed in southern Europe 2008;, whereas such severe symptoms or effects have not been described from more temperate climates (Gisder et al, 2010a) nor from South (Invernizzi et al, 2009) or North (Williams et al, 2011;Guzman-Novoa et al, 2010) America.…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Symptoms Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard methods forNosemaresearch

Fries

Chauzat²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Journal of Apicultural Research

328

302

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SummaryMethods are described for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and in the laboratory. For fieldwork, different sampling methods are described to determine colony level infections at a given point in time, but also for following the temporal infection dynamics.Suggestions are made for how to standardise field trials for evaluating treatments and disease impact. The laboratory methods described include different means for determining colony level and individual bee infection levels and methods for species determination, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, and molecular methods (PCR). Suggestions are made for how to standardise cage trials, and different inoculation methods for infecting bees are described, including control methods for spore viability. A cell culture system for in vitro rearing of Nosema spp. is described. Finally, how to conduct different types of experiments are described, including infectious dose, dose effects, course of infection and longevity tests. Métodos estándar para la investigación sobre Nosema ResumenSe describen procedimientos para trabajar con Nosema apis y Nosema ceranae en el campo y en el laboratorio. Para el trabajo de campo, se describen diferentes métodos de muestreo para determinar infecciones al nivel de colonia en un momento determinado, y también para el seguimiento de la dinámica temporal de infección. Se hacen sugerencias para la forma de estandarizar los ensayos de campo para evaluar los tratamientos y el impacto de la enfermedad. Los métodos de laboratorio descritos incluyen diferentes formas de determinar los niveles de infección al nivel de colonia y de abeja individual, y los métodos para la determinación de las especies, incluyendo microscopía óptica, microscopía electrónica y métodos moleculares (PCR). Se hacen sugerencias para estandarizar los ensayos con cajas, y se describen diferentes métodos de inoculación para infectar abejas, incluyendo métodos de control para la viabilidad de las esporas. Se describe un sistema de cultivo celular para la cría in vitro de Nosema spp. Finalmente, se describe cómo llevar a cabo diferentes tipos de experimentos, incluyendo la dosis infecciosa, efectos de la dosis, curso de la infección y las pruebas de longevidad.

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First detection of Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite of European honey bees (Apis mellifera), in Canada and central USA

Cited by 134 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of the herbal preparation Nozevit on the mid-gut structure of honeybees (Apis mellifera) infected with Nosema sp. spores

Effect of the herbal preparation Nozevit on the mid-gut structure of honeybees (Apis mellifera) infected with Nosema sp. spores

Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) and Pollination Issues: Current status, impacts and potential drivers of decline

Standard methods forNosemaresearch

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