First detection of papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in swimming pool waters: unrecognized recreational water-related pathogens?

Rosa, Giuseppina La; Libera, S. Della; Petricca, Sabrina; Iaconelli, Marcello; Briancesco, Rossella; Paradiso, Rosa; Semproni, Maurizio; Bonito, Paola Di; Bonadonna, Lucia

doi:10.1111/jam.12925

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Hannigan et al (2015) recently supported the previous findings by showing that members of the family Papillomaviridae were most abundant on the palm of healthy individuals. Further support to the previous findings can be found in a study where HPVs were detected in recreational water, such as swimming pool waters (La Rosa et al, 2015). As suggested by the authors, their stability in water environments is not well-understood, and the likelihood of their transmission by recreational activities and potential impact on human or animal health arising from the presence of HPVs genomes deserves to be explored further.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Aquarium Viromes: Viromes of Human-Managed Aquatic Systems

Kim

Bonn

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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An aquarium ecosystem is home to many animal species providing conditions similar to native aquatic habitats but under highly controlled management. With a growing interest in understanding the interaction of microbiomes and resident animal health within aquarium environments, we undertook a metagenomic survey of viromes in seven aquarium systems with differing physicochemical and resident animal profiles. Our results show that a diverse array of viruses was represented in aquarium viromes, many of which were widespread in different aquarium systems (27 common viral families in all of the aquarium systems). Most viromes were dominated by DNA phages of the order Caudovirales as commonly found in other aquatic environments with average relative abundance greater than 64%. The composition and structure of aquarium viromes were associated with controlled system parameters, including nitrate, salinity, and temperature as well as resident animal profiles, indicating the close interaction of viromes with aquarium management practices. Furthermore, finding human associated viruses in a touch exhibit suggested that exposure of aquarium systems to human contact may lead to introduction of human cutaneous viruses into aquaria. This is consistent with the high abundance of skin microflora on the palms of healthy individuals and their detection in recreational waters, such as swimming pools. Lastly, assessment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquarium viromes revealed a unique signature of ARGs in different aquarium systems with trimethoprim being the most common. This is the first study to provide vital information on viromes and their unique relationships with management practices in a human-built and controlled aquarium environment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Aquarium Viromes: Viromes of Human-Managed Aquatic Systems

Kim

Bonn

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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“…These outcomes in both sewage and stool samples are similar to the findings of the previously reports conducted in Egypt or worldwide, which demonstrated that this virus is highly abundant in sewage as well as stool samples. Moreover, the virus may reach wastewaters as a result of shedding in feces which support its probability to be transmitted via fecal-oral route (Hamza et al, 2018;Iaconelli et al, 2015;La Rosa et al, 2015;Kitajima et al, 2014;Vanchiere et al, 2009;Vanchiere et al, 2005). Indeed, 83.3%, 53.3% and 100% of raw wastewater, treated effluent and activated sludge samples were positive for HPyV, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of human polyomavirus and papillomavirus in wastewater and in stool of Egyptian patients

Ahmed¹,

Elmahdy²,

Allayh³

et al. 2019

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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Recently oncogenic viruses that are greatly associated with human cancers were detected in urban sewage and other water environments worldwide. The direct contact with contaminated water and sewage can result in serious infections associated with a wide range of diseases. Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Human Polyomaviruses (HPyVs) were the most common virusesthat have been detected in urban sewage worldwide. In the present study, Ninety sewage samples were collected from Zenin wastewater treatment plant in Giza Governorate. Sixty stool samples were obtained from cancer patients. The findings showed that the prevalence of HPVs in sewage and stool samples was 24.4 % (22/90) and 28.3 % (17/60), respectively. HPV16 genotype was the most predominant genotype using sequencing. On the other hand, the prevalence of HPyV in sewage and stool samples was 78.9% (71/90) and 58.3% (35/60) respectively. JC HPyV and BK HPyV were the most common genotypes of human polyomaviruses in sewage 57.8% (41/71), 42.3% (30/71), respectively and in stool 54.3% (19/35), 45.7% (16/35), respectively. By using quantitative Real-time PCR, the number of HPyV DNA copies ranged from 5.3x10 4 to 6.02x10 4 GC\L in raw wastewater and 6.2x10 3 to 6.85x10 3 GC\L in treated effluent of wastewater treatment plant. Regarding to stool samples, their numbers range were 2.5x10 5 and 1.24x10 7 GC\L. These results are indicator of risk for the prevalence of HPVs and HPyVs in Egyptian environment. This is the first report in Egypt to study the human oncogenic viruses in the same study of environmental and clinical samples.

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“…In 2013–2014, a study investigated the presence of human enteric viruses (adenovirus, norovirus, and enterovirus) in indoor and outdoor swimming pool waters in Rome. Bacteriological parameters (fecal indicator bacteria, heterotrophic plate count, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus ) were also investigated [43]. Moreover, the study was the first to examine the occurrence of non-enteric viruses in swimming pool waters: human papillomavirus (HPV) and human polyomavirus (HPyV).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Enteric Viruses In Swimming Pools Under Nonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review and Update on Waterborne Viral Diseases Associated with Swimming Pools

Bonadonna

Rosa

2019

IJERPH

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Infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and molds, may threaten the health of swimming pool bathers. Viruses are a major cause of recreationally-associated waterborne diseases linked to pools, lakes, ponds, thermal pools/spas, rivers, and hot springs. They can make their way into waters through the accidental release of fecal matter, body fluids (saliva, mucus), or skin flakes by symptomatic or asymptomatic carriers. We present an updated overview of epidemiological data on viral outbreaks, a project motivated, among other things, by the availability of improved viral detection methodologies. Special attention is paid to outbreak investigations (source of the outbreak, pathways of transmission, chlorination/disinfection). Epidemiological studies on incidents of viral contamination of swimming pools under non-epidemic conditions are also reviewed.

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First detection of papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in swimming pool waters: unrecognized recreational water-related pathogens?

Abstract: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on human papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in swimming pools. The likelihood that these viruses can be transmitted by recreational activities deserves to be explored in future studies.

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Aquarium Viromes: Viromes of Human-Managed Aquatic Systems

Aquarium Viromes: Viromes of Human-Managed Aquatic Systems

Prevalence of human polyomavirus and papillomavirus in wastewater and in stool of Egyptian patients

A Review and Update on Waterborne Viral Diseases Associated with Swimming Pools

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