First Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis in Free Ranging European Wild Boar in Sweden

Ernholm, Linda; Lewerin, Susanna Sternberg; Ågren, Erik; Ståhl, Karl; Hultén, C.

doi:10.3390/pathogens11070723

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In Sweden, it was reported that, out of a total of 633 wild boars sampled within surveillance programs, 80 animals tested positive for S. Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf, and all sequenced isolates clustered with those isolated from domestic pig farms in the same region [44]. This highlights the importance of implementing strict biosecurity measures to prevent and hinder the possibility of transmission events from the wild boar population to domestic pigs [50].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Kunzendorf was detected for the first time in swine herds in Denmark between 2012 and 2013, with reported outbreaks characterized by high mortality rates (20-30%) [39]. Moreover, after 40 years of absence, S. Choleraesuis was reported in 5 pig herds in Sweden in 2022 [44].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that wild boars are considered a natural wildlife reservoir for S. Choleraesuis, given that this serovar has been isolated multiple times from this species, with the potential for generating spillover events between wildlife and farmed animals [32,44,45]. In the EU, there has been a growing trend of S. Choleraesuis isolation from wild boars, whose number has been increasing in the past few decades [46].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salmonella Infection in Pigs: Disease, Prevalence, and a Link between Swine and Human Health

Soliani,

Rugna,

Prosperi

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Salmonella is one of the most spread foodborne pathogens worldwide, and Salmonella infections in humans still represent a global health burden. The main source of Salmonella infections in humans is represented by contaminated animal-derived foodstuffs, with pork products being one of the most important players. Salmonella infection in swine is critical not only because it is one of the main causes of economic losses in the pork industry, but also because pigs can be infected by several Salmonella serovars, potentially contaminating the pig meat production chain and thus posing a significant threat to public health globally. As of now, in Europe and in the United States, swine-related Salmonella serovars, e.g., Salmonella Typhimurium and its monophasic variant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 1,4,[5],12:i:-, are also frequently associated with human salmonellosis cases. Moreover, multiple outbreaks have been reported in the last few decades which were triggered by the consumption of Salmonella-contaminated pig meat. Throughout the years, changes and evolution across the pork industry may have acted as triggers for new issues and obstacles hindering Salmonella control along the food chain. Gathered evidence reinforces the importance of coordinating control measures and harmonizing monitoring programs for the efficient control of Salmonella in swine. This is necessary in order to manage outbreaks of clinical disease in pigs and also to protect pork consumers by controlling Salmonella subclinical carriage and shedding. This review provides an update on Salmonella infection in pigs, with insights on Salmonella ecology, focusing mainly on Salmonella Choleraesuis, S. Typhimurium, and S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-, and their correlation to human salmonellosis cases. An update on surveillance methods for epidemiological purposes of Salmonella infection in pigs and humans, in a “One Health” approach, will also be reported.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salmonella Infection in Pigs: Disease, Prevalence, and a Link between Swine and Human Health

Soliani,

Rugna,

Prosperi

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…Choleraesuis variant Kunzendorf is highly prevalent in North America and Asia but is relatively rare in the EU and Australia. However, multiple outbreaks in wild boars and pig herds have been recently reported in Europe including Serbia, 2 Denmark, 3 Sweden, 4 Italy 5 and Spain. 6 Wild boars were hypothesized to play a prominent role in the interplay between Salmonella, livestock and the human population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance inSalmonella entericaserovar Choleraesuis isolates from humans and animals in Spain from 2006 to 2021

Jacqueline,

Samper-Cativiela,

Monzon Fernandez

et al. 2024

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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Objectives While an increase in the levels of MDR in Salmonella enterica sevorar Choleraesuis has been reported in Europe, little is known about the situation in Spain. Therefore, we first aimed to assess the phenotypic resistance profile and to determine the presence of genetic determinants of resistance of S. Choleraesuis isolates collected in animal and human. Our second objective was to identify and characterize clusters of highly related isolates. Methods We analysed 50 human and 45 animal isolates retrieved from 2006 to 2021 using the disc diffusion method and performed WGS followed by analyses of genetic determinants and phylogenetic analysis. Results All isolates were of ST145 and corresponded to the variant Kunzendorf. Swine isolates harboured a significantly higher number of antimicrobial resistance genes than human isolates, and often carried plasmid replicons of the IncHI2/IncHI2A type (42% of all animal isolates). In addition, we identified several MDR S. Choleraesuis strains circulating in humans and swine between 2006 and 2021. The phylogenetic analyses identified four clades associated with specific patterns of resistance genes and plasmid replicons. The clades also included isolates that differed in terms of year and region of isolation as well as host of origin. Conclusions This One Health approach highlights that reducing human MDR S. Choleraesuis infections may require the adoption of strategies that not only seek to prevent cases in humans but also to characterize and reduce the infection burden in swine.

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“…S. Choleraesuis is a widely disseminated serotype ( Chiu et al, 2004 ) and is the most common cause of nontyphoid Salmonella infection in Thailand ( Luk-In et al, 2018 ). In Europe, the growing number of S. Choleraesuis infections among wild boars has attracted research attention ( Longo et al, 2019 ; Papic et al, 2021 ; Ernholm et al, 2022 ). In humans, this pathogen has higher invasiveness and is thus a greater health threat than other serotypes ( Cohen et al, 1987 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous D-ribose promotes gentamicin treatment of several drug-resistant Salmonella

et al. 2022

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The metabolic microenvironment of bacteria impacts drug efficacy. However, the metabolic mechanisms of drug-resistant Salmonella spp. remain largely unknown. This study characterized the metabolic mechanism of gentamicin-resistant Salmonella Choleraesuis and found that D-ribose increased the gentamicin-mediated killing of this bacteria. Non-targeted metabolomics of homologous gentamicin-susceptible Salmonella Choleraesuis (SCH-S) and gentamicin-resistant S. Choleraesuis (SCH-R) was performed using UHPLC-Q-TOF MS. The metabolic signature of SCH-R included disrupted central carbon metabolism and energy metabolism, along with dysregulated amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, vitamin and cofactor metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. D-ribose, the most suppressed metabolite in SCH-R, was shown to strengthen gentamicin efficacy against SCH-R and a clinically isolated multidrug-resistant strain. This metabolite had a similar impact on Salmonella. Derby and Salmonella. Typhimurium. D-ribose activates central carbon metabolism including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), increases the abundance of NADH, polarizes the electron transport chain (ETC), and elevates the proton motive force (PMF) of cells, and induces drug uptake and cell death. These findings suggest that central carbon metabolism plays a critical role in the acquisition of gentamicin resistance by Salmonella, and that D-ribose may serve as an antibiotic adjuvant for gentamicin treatment of resistant bacterial infections.

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First Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis in Free Ranging European Wild Boar in Sweden

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Salmonella Infection in Pigs: Disease, Prevalence, and a Link between Swine and Human Health

Salmonella Infection in Pigs: Disease, Prevalence, and a Link between Swine and Human Health

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance inSalmonella entericaserovar Choleraesuis isolates from humans and animals in Spain from 2006 to 2021

Exogenous D-ribose promotes gentamicin treatment of several drug-resistant Salmonella

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