First detection of strains of <i>Varroa destructor</i>
resistant to coumaphos.
Results of laboratory tests and field trials

Spreafico, M.; Eördegh, Francesca Romana; Bernardinelli, Iris; Colombo, M.

doi:10.1051/apido:2001110

Cited by 91 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The varroa mite has already developed a resistance to several synthetic acaricides (Milani 1999;Lodesani et al 1995;Miozes-Koch et al 2000;Floris et al 2001;Spreafico et al 2001) and beekeepers are increasingly turning to alternative treatments incorporating essential oils and organic acids (Mutinelli et al 1997;Melathopoulos and Gates 2003;Gregorc and Poklukar 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Combating Varroa destructor in Honeybee Colonies Using Flumethrin or Fluvalinate

Gregorc

Škerl

2007

Acta Vet. Brno

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Gregorc A., M. I. Smodi‰ ·kerl: Combating Varroa destructor in Honeybee Colonies Using Flumethrin or Fluvalinate. Acta Vet. Brno 2007, 76: 309-314.Mite mortality in two apiaries, one with 32 and the other with 15 honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) colonies, was recorded prior to and after flumethrin or fluvalinate treatments and after a control, oxalic-acid application. During the 42-and 51-day pre-treatment periods, the average daily natural mite drop was 0.04 (± 0.04) and 2.82 (± 2.19), respectively, which represents 1.09% (± 1.06) and 3.84% (± 3.04) of the total number of mites found during the experiment. The flumethrin or fluvalinate applications resulted in an average mite mortality at the two apiaries of 214.46 (± 260.02) and 4,098.64 (± 2,508.31). The treatments resulted in a 19.11% (± 14.62) and a 39.28% (± 10.47) reduction in the number of mites in slightly infested colonies and 94.30% (± 4.26) and 96.24% (± 3.14) in highly infested colonies. The difference in treatment efficacy between both apiaries was significant (P < 0.001) and indicates that fluvalinate and flumethrin are highly efficacious in dealing with highly infested honeybee colonies with sealed brood. The importance of effective mite control in colonies with a high level of natural mite mortality is discussed in this study. Acaricides, control methods, Apis mellifera, oxalic acid, mite infestationAcaricides are regularly applied to honeybee colonies in order to maintain their productivity. These are usually synthetic and their lipophilic and persistent characteristics result in a build-up of their residues in the wax and honey (Wallner 1999).The varroa mite has already developed a resistance to several synthetic acaricides (Milani 1999;Lodesani et al. 1995;Miozes-Koch et al. 2000;Floris et al. 2001;Spreafico et al. 2001) and beekeepers are increasingly turning to alternative treatments incorporating essential oils and organic acids (Mutinelli et al. 1997;Melathopoulos and Gates 2003;Gregorc and Poklukar 2003).The efficacy of fluvalinate and flumethrin in killing mites is long-lasting. Fluvalinate is available under the trade names Apistan (used against varroa mites in bee colonies), Klartan and Mavrik, while flumethrin is available under the trade name Bayvarol, which is specific for varroa control. Oxalic acid (OA) has been found to be highly effective in treating colonies without brood (Imdorf et al. 1997;Br∅dsgaard et al. 1999). Efficacy of 95% was achieved after three treatments using a 5% OA solution (Mutinelli et al. 1997) and efficacy of 24% after one springtime treatment administered by trickling when a capped brood was present (Br∅dsgaard et al. 1999). In our previous experiments the quantity of OA solution used to treat one normally developed colony was approximately 50 millilitres and we found that three OA treatments of colonies with brood had efficacy of 39.2%, and 99.4% when there was no brood present (Gregorc andPlaninc 2001 and2004a).This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluvalinate and flumethrin...

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Combating Varroa destructor in Honeybee Colonies Using Flumethrin or Fluvalinate

Gregorc

Škerl

2007

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Due to its high efficacy, oxalic acid is thus considered as a final control treatment for the evaluation of previous colony treatments (Gregorc and Planinc 2004b) similar to coumaphos (Trouiller 1998 (Rademacher and Harz 2006). The increased resistance of mites to synthetic active ingredients has been observed (Spreafico et al 2001), and the improper use of acaricides could result in increased mortality of honey bee colony.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is relatively non-toxic to the bees and easy to use. Mites have developed resistance to several synthetic acaricides (Lodesani et al 1995;Milani 1999;Floris et al 2001;Spreafico et al 2001), so beekeepers turn to alternative treatments incorporating essential oils or organic acids (Mutinelli et al 1997;Gregorc and Poklukar 2003). Resistance of mites to acaricides has been associated with the misuse of agricultural formulations of synthetic pyrethroids (Watkins 1997).…”

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The acaricidal effect of flumethrin, oxalic acid and amitraz against Varroa destructor in honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) colonies

et al. 2011

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During 2007 and 2008, natural mite mortality was recorded in honey bee colonies. These colonies were then treated with various acaricides against Varroa destructor and acaricide efficacies were evaluated. In 2007, experimental colonies were treated with flumethrin and/or oxalic acid and in 2008 the same colonies were treated with flumethrin, oxalic acid or amitraz. The efficacy of flumethrin in 2007 averaged 73.62% compared to 70.12% for three oxalic acid treatments. In 2008, a reduction of 12.52% in mite numbers was found 4 weeks after flumethrin application, while 4 oxalic acid applications produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) mite mortality, an average of 24.13%. Four consecutive amitraz fumigations produced a 93.82% reduction on average in final mite numbers and thus ensure normal colony development and overwintering. The study is important in order to demonstrate that synthetic acaricides should be constantly re-evaluated and the use of flumethrin at low efficacies need to be superseded by appropriate organic treatments to increase the efficacy of mite control in highly-infested colonies during the period of brood rearing.

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“…Also, another serious problem was that in many areas the mite populations became resistant to chemicals (Lodesani et al 1995, Milani 1999, Elzen et al 2000, Spreafico et al 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a thymol formulation efficacy against Varroa destructor under Central Greek climatic conditions

Bacandritsos

Papanastasiou

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Τα απο τελέσματα έδειξαν ότι στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της Κεντρικής Ελλά δος, σε μελίσσια που έγινε εφαρμογή του σκευάσματος θυμόλης στην αρχή του καλοκαιριού, η αποτελεσματικότητα ήταν 90,5% με ελάχιστες ενοχλήσεις και μελισσοτοξικότητα. Επίσης, στην περί πτωση που μία ημέρα νωρίτερα τοποθετηθεί το 1/20 της δόσης, η ενόχληση των μελισσών σχεδόν μηδενίζεται, διότι με αυτόν τον τρό πο οι μέλισσες εξοικειώνονται με τη νέα μυρωδιά που εισάγεται στην κυψέλη.

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First detection of strains of Varroa destructor resistant to coumaphos. Results of laboratory tests and field trials

Cited by 91 publications

References 7 publications

Combating Varroa destructor in Honeybee Colonies Using Flumethrin or Fluvalinate

Combating Varroa destructor in Honeybee Colonies Using Flumethrin or Fluvalinate

The acaricidal effect of flumethrin, oxalic acid and amitraz against Varroa destructor in honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) colonies

Evaluation of a thymol formulation efficacy against Varroa destructor under Central Greek climatic conditions

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