First direct measurement of auroral and equatorial jets in the stratosphere of Jupiter

Cavalié, T.; Benmahi, Bilal; Hue, V.; Moreno, R.; Lellouch, E.; Fouchet, Thierry; Hartogh, P.; Rezac, Ladislav; Greathouse, T. K.; Gladstone, G. R.; Sinclair, James; Dobrijévic, M.; Billebaud, F.; Jarchow, Christopher

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140330

Cited by 30 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The zonal wind map we obtained from the Gemini/TEXES measurements in March 2017 combined with the 1 mbar zonal wind measured by Cavalié et al (2021) using ALMA and the result obtained by Fletcher et al (2016) from the zonal temperature field measured by IRTF/TEXES in December 2014 are of almost opposite phase in the 1-10 mbar range. The time-interval between the two measurements is ∆T ∼2 yr and 4 months.…”

Section: Zonal Winds In the Jeo Regionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…-We used the recent and first measurements of the Jovian stratospheric winds obtained from ALMA observations (Cavalié et al 2021), with the temperature field obtained almost simultaneously in March 2017 in the mid-infrared from Gemini/TEXES observations (Giles et al 2020), to derive the zonal wind field as a function of pressure and latitude in the equatorial zone of Jupiter's stratosphere where the Jupiter equatorial oscillation occurs. -We used the thermal wind equation, complemented by the equatorial thermal wind equation of Marcus et al (2019) for the latitudes about the equator, to derive the Jovian stratospheric zonal winds from 0.05 to 30 mbar and from 35 • S to 35 • N. -We derive the absolute stratospheric zonal wind speeds ±35 • about the equator, where the JEO takes place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5. spectral lines formed at the altitude probed by the HCN line. Cavalié et al (2021) are shown for both observed limbs in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A subject of debate in Cavalié et al (2021) was the limb-tolimb velocity difference at 10 • N, which the authors tentatively attributed to local vortices. The lack of full coverage of the western limb temperatures prevents us from settling this claim, although the limited data we have seem to indicate the presence of a hot spot between 10 • N and 15 • N and between 1 and 2 mbar as seen in Fig.…”

Section: Longitudinal Variability Of Zonal Winds In the Jeo Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zonal wind measurements at 1 mbar in Jupiter's stratosphereCavalié et al (2021) observed Jupiter's stratospheric HCN emission at 354.505 GHz with the ALMA interferometer on 22 March 2017. These authors obtained a high spectral and spatial resolution map of Jupiter's limb from which they achieved the first direct measurement of the stratospheric winds.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mapping the zonal winds of Jupiter’s stratospheric equatorial oscillation

Benmahi

Cavalié

Greathouse

et al. 2021

A&A

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Context. Since the 1950s, quasi-periodic oscillations have been studied in the terrestrial equatorial stratosphere. Other planets of the Solar System present (or are expected to present) such oscillations; for example the Jupiter equatorial oscillation and the Saturn semi-annual oscillation. In Jupiter’s stratosphere, the equatorial oscillation of its relative temperature structure about the equator is characterized by a quasi-period of 4.4 yr. Aims. The stratospheric wind field in Jupiter’s equatorial zone has never been directly observed. In this paper, we aim to map the absolute wind speeds in Jupiter’s equatorial stratosphere in order to quantify vertical and horizontal wind and temperature shear. Methods. Assuming geostrophic equilibrium, we apply the thermal wind balance using almost simultaneous stratospheric temperature measurements between 0.1 and 30 mbar performed with Gemini/TEXES and direct zonal wind measurements derived at 1 mbar from ALMA observations, all carried out between March 14 and 22, 2017. We are thus able to self-consistently calculate the zonal wind field in Jupiter’s stratosphere where the JEO occurs. Results. We obtain a stratospheric map of the zonal wind speeds as a function of latitude and pressure about Jupiter’s equator for the first time. The winds are vertically layered with successive eastward and westward jets. We find a 200 m s−1 westward jet at 4 mbar at the equator, with a typical longitudinal variability on the order of ~50 m s−1. By extending our wind calculations to the upper troposphere, we find a wind structure that is qualitatively close to the wind observed using cloud-tracking techniques. Conclusions. Almost simultaneous temperature and wind measurements, both in the stratosphere, are a powerful tool for future investigations of the JEO (and other planetary equatorial oscillations) and its temporal evolution.

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Section: Zonal Winds In the Jeo Regionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5. spectral lines formed at the altitude probed by the HCN line. Cavalié et al (2021) are shown for both observed limbs in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Longitudinal Variability Of Zonal Winds In the Jeo Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the zonal winds of Jupiter’s stratospheric equatorial oscillation

Benmahi

Cavalié

Greathouse

et al. 2021

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Dynamics and clouds in planetary atmospheres from telescopic observations

Sánchez-Lavega,

Irwin,

García Muñoz

2023

Astron Astrophys Rev

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This review presents an insight into our current knowledge of the atmospheres of the planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the satellite Titan, and those of exoplanets. It deals with the thermal structure, aerosol properties (hazes and clouds, dust in the case of Mars), chemical composition, global winds, and selected dynamical phenomena in these objects. Our understanding of atmospheres is greatly benefitting from the discovery in the last 3 decades of thousands of exoplanets. The exoplanet properties span a broad range of conditions, and it is fair to expect as much variety for their atmospheres. This complexity is driving unprecedented investigations of the atmospheres, where those of the solar systems bodies are the obvious reference. We are witnessing a significant transfer of knowledge in both directions between the investigations dedicated to Solar System and exoplanet atmospheres, and there are reasons to think that this exchange will intensity in the future. We identify and select a list of research subjects that can be conducted at optical and infrared wavelengths with future and currently available ground-based and space-based telescopes, but excluding those from the space missions to solar system bodies.

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Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

Fletcher,

Cavalié,

Grassi

et al. 2023

Space Sci Rev

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ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will provide a detailed investigation of the Jovian system in the 2030s, combining a suite of state-of-the-art instruments with an orbital tour tailored to maximise observing opportunities. We review the Jupiter science enabled by the JUICE mission, building on the legacy of discoveries from the Galileo, Cassini, and Juno missions, alongside ground- and space-based observatories. We focus on remote sensing of the climate, meteorology, and chemistry of the atmosphere and auroras from the cloud-forming weather layer, through the upper troposphere, into the stratosphere and ionosphere. The Jupiter orbital tour provides a wealth of opportunities for atmospheric and auroral science: global perspectives with its near-equatorial and inclined phases, sampling all phase angles from dayside to nightside, and investigating phenomena evolving on timescales from minutes to months. The remote sensing payload spans far-UV spectroscopy (50-210 nm), visible imaging (340-1080 nm), visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (0.49-5.56 μm), and sub-millimetre sounding (near 530-625 GHz and 1067-1275 GHz). This is coupled to radio, stellar, and solar occultation opportunities to explore the atmosphere at high vertical resolution; and radio and plasma wave measurements of electric discharges in the Jovian atmosphere and auroras. Cross-disciplinary scientific investigations enable JUICE to explore coupling processes in giant planet atmospheres, to show how the atmosphere is connected to (i) the deep circulation and composition of the hydrogen-dominated interior; and (ii) to the currents and charged particle environments of the external magnetosphere. JUICE will provide a comprehensive characterisation of the atmosphere and auroras of this archetypal giant planet.

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First direct measurement of auroral and equatorial jets in the stratosphere of Jupiter

Cited by 30 publications

References 62 publications

Mapping the zonal winds of Jupiter’s stratospheric equatorial oscillation

Mapping the zonal winds of Jupiter’s stratospheric equatorial oscillation

Dynamics and clouds in planetary atmospheres from telescopic observations

Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

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