“First Do No Harm:” Emerging Guidelines for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Reactions

Herbert, James D.; Sageman, Marc

doi:10.1002/9780470713570.ch11

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Such a conclusion is consistent with previous reviews of other early interventions such as debriefing (e.g. Bisson, 2003) and resonate with authors who have warned of the dangers of sensitising trauma victims and disrupting the natural recovery process (Herbert & Sageman, 2004). We suggest, however, a degree of caution in reaching both these conclusions given that this is the first systematic study to specifically assess the efficacy of provision of information.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effectiveness of providing self-help information following acute traumatic injury: Randomised controlled trial

2005

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effectiveness of providing self-help information following acute traumatic injury: Randomised controlled trial

2005

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“…Amir, Weil, Kaplan et al (1998, p.241) Amongst many sections of the general public and the popular media, debriefing is still perceived in a positive manner and it is suggested that this is because there is an instinctive tendency to believe that debriefing is useful and valid (Devilly and Cotton, 2003;Gist, 2002). Herbert and Sageman (2004) have suggested that reactions to traumatic incidents might reflect the prevailing culture and beliefs of the time. Accordingly, many authors argue that the culture that has been created in western societies encourages people to demand debriefing in anticipation that they will develop abnormal reactions that require this intervention (Gist, 2002;Summerfield, 2001;Wessely, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training lay-people to use automatic external defibrillators: Are all of their needs being met?

2006

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This thesis draws upon data gathered during research undertaken with a grant from the Resuscitation Council (UK). It explores the use of Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) by laypeople, which is known as Public Access Defibrillation (PAD). Whilst an abundance of research has been undertaken about this phenomenon, it has predominately been conducted using quantitative methods; however the data I am using was collected using a qualitative approach. During the research, fifty-three semi-structured interviews were carried out. Most of these were with laypeople who had been trained to use AEDs, and nine involved those who delivered the training. These interviews were conducted at sites typical of those where these devices have been introduced, such as railway stations and airports. The geographical area of these locations covered the East and West Midlands, South and West Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and Essex. The aims of the research were quite broad and included exploring how to make training more realistic, how debriefing and support for those who had used an AED should be organised and how the interviewees perceived the technology inherent in the AED.This thesis reanalyses the data that was collected during that research and focuses on two themes. Firstly, some of the theories of technologies in transition are used to illustrate how AEDs were developed in a laboratory and progressed from that setting to become commonplace in public locations. The actor-network theory is adopted to argue that these technological devices exert an influence on the human actors in the networks that exist within society. Specifically, my analysis is informed by the work of Timmermans (1998; 1999; 1997) whose theories about external chest compressions I have developed and applied to AEDs. They suggest that these devices achieved universality, in part, through the influence of debates and medical protocols.One significant factor was that AEDs allowed for defibrillation to be redefined from a medical, to a first aid procedure. Eventually, using these devices was included in the protocols for first aid and this legitimised their use by laypeople. These theories are observable in the data through the interviewees" accounts of how they came to accept being trained to use AEDs. The experiences of those who had used an AED during a resuscitation attempt are provided and suggest that these are distressing and unpleasant events.Consequently, a key component of this thesis is a discussion of the necessity to provide psychological debriefing for those who have been involved in these incidents.The findings of this thesis suggest that laypeople who have used an AED usually have questions about the actions they took during the attempted resuscitation and need to address these with someone soon afterwards.

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“…For example, normal healing is hypothesized to include an alternation between intrusion of thoughts and avoidance (van Emmerik et al, 2002); the specific factors of CISD may hinder this process. Herbert and Sageman (2004) hypothesize that in the acute period following an intense trauma, physiological arousal may make trauma victims particularly susceptible to suggestion. Through this process, the teaching phase of CISD may inadvertently cause more of the symptoms that it is designed to avoid.…”

Section: Critical Incident Stress Debriefingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding placebo, nocebo, and iatrogenic treatment effects

Bootzin

Bailey

2005

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Placebo and nonplacebo treatments have both positive and negative effects on patient outcomes. To better understand the patterning of treatment effects, three specific interventions will be discussed that are reported to produce more harm than benefit: critical incident stress debriefing, group therapy for adolescents with conduct disorders, and psychotherapy for dissociative identity disorder. In each case, there is an interaction between mechanisms thought to underlie both placebo and specific treatment effects. Mechanisms hypothesized to underlie placebo and nocebo effects include patient expectancy, self-focused attention to symptoms, motivation to change, and sociocultural role-enactment cues. In the three treatments discussed, specific mechanisms interact with nonspecific mechanisms to produce iatrogenic effects. To advance knowledge, it is important both to specify the theory of treatment and its expected outcomes and to put the theory to test. Only with attention to the empirical findings from programmatic research of specific and nonspecific effects and their interaction is it possible to improve the outcomes of treatment beyond the status quo.

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“First Do No Harm:” Emerging Guidelines for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Reactions

Cited by 19 publications

References 91 publications

Effectiveness of providing self-help information following acute traumatic injury: Randomised controlled trial

Effectiveness of providing self-help information following acute traumatic injury: Randomised controlled trial

Training lay-people to use automatic external defibrillators: Are all of their needs being met?

Understanding placebo, nocebo, and iatrogenic treatment effects

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