First Evidence of Simultaneous Circulation of Three Different Dengue Virus Serotypes in Africa

Caron, Mélanie; Grard, Gilda; Paupy, Christophe; Mombo, Illich Manfred; Nso, Branly Bikie Bi; Kassa, Fabrice Roland Kassa; Nkoghe, Dieudonné; Leroy, Eric M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078030

Cited by 55 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The very low proportion of individuals with anti-DENV IgM suggests that DENV transmission is not permanent in Douala, in Garoua and in Yaounde. Since anti-DENV IgG may persist for several decades [34], [35], the increasing proportion of anti-DENV IgG positivity with increasing age (Figure 2b) indicates either that several epidemics have occurred in Douala and in Garoua in past years at regular intervals, or that there is a relatively stable endemic transmission of DENV as demonstrated in Gabon by Caron et al [11]. These data show that the epidemiology of dengue, with regard to the characteristics of people is similar to that observed for a long period in Brazil and in many other countries in the Americas [36]–[38], especially in relation to the increase of the seropositivity as the age increases, reaching predominantly in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evidence of Dengue Virus Transmission and Factors Associated with the Presence of Anti-Dengue Virus Antibodies in Humans in Three Major Towns in Cameroon

Demanou

Pouillot

Grandadam³

et al. 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundDengue is not well documented in Africa. In Cameroon, data are scarce, but dengue infection has been confirmed in humans. We conducted a study to document risk factors associated with anti-dengue virus Immunoglobulin G seropositivity in humans in three major towns in Cameroon.Methodology/Principal FindingsA cross sectional survey was conducted in Douala, Garoua and Yaounde, using a random cluster sampling design. Participants underwent a standardized interview and were blood sampled. Environmental and housing characteristics were recorded. Randomized houses were prospected to record all water containers, and immature stages of Aedes mosquitoes were collected. Sera were screened for anti-dengue virus IgG and IgM antibodies. Risk factors of seropositivity were tested using logistic regression methods with random effects.Anti-dengue IgG were found from 61.4% of sera in Douala (n = 699), 24.2% in Garoua (n = 728) and 9.8% in Yaounde (n = 603). IgM were found from 0.3% of Douala samples, 0.1% of Garoua samples and 0.0% of Yaounde samples. Seroneutralization on randomly selected IgG positive sera showed that 72% (n = 100) in Douala, 80% (n = 94) in Garoua and 77% (n = 66) in Yaounde had antibodies specific for dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2).Age, temporary house walls materials, having water-storage containers, old tires or toilets in the yard, having no TV, having no air conditioning and having travelled at least once outside the city were independently associated with anti-dengue IgG positivity in Douala. Age, having uncovered water containers, having no TV, not being born in Garoua and not breeding pigs were significant risk factors in Garoua. Recent history of malaria, having banana trees and stagnant water in the yard were independent risk factors in Yaounde.Conclusion/SignificanceIn this survey, most identified risk factors of dengue were related to housing conditions. Poverty and underdevelopment are central to the dengue epidemiology in Cameroon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evidence of Dengue Virus Transmission and Factors Associated with the Presence of Anti-Dengue Virus Antibodies in Humans in Three Major Towns in Cameroon

Demanou

Pouillot

Grandadam³

et al. 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Effectively, DENV-3 was identified in Eritrea in 2008 (Vapalahti, personal communication) and in Sudan in 2010 [45] but no sequence is currently available. In West African countries (Togo/Benin/Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Togo and Cape Verde), we can observe a regional circulation of the virus, as suggested by the isolation in 2010 of a DENV-3 genotype III strain in Gabon which is phylogenetically linked to the strains from Cote d'Ivoire [46]. Local/regional circulation of goods and population in this area could favor the importation of new strains and the diffusion of the virus.…”

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confidence: 90%

Circulation of Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotype III in Africa Since 2008

Monteil¹,

Maquart²,

Caro³

et al. 2016

JHVRV

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Dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) genotype III circulated across East Africa between 1984 and 1993, but virulent strains is now considered essential public health activity. DENV serotype 3 (DENV-3) was first isolated during a DHF epidemic in Manila in 1956 [11] and is now circulating in Asia and South America [12,13,14]. This serotype is often associated with more severe diseases and dengue hemorrhagic fever than other serotypes [15,16,17]. Little is known about DENV-3 activity in Africa. Serotype 3 was first detected in Africa during a 1984 epidemic event in Pemba (Mozambique), where at least 45% of the local population was affected [18]. This high proportion could be explained at least in part by the naïve immune status of the population against this new serotype. Since then, sporadic occurrences of the serotype 3 were reported, such as in Kenya in 1991 and in Somalia in 1993 [19]. DENV-3 was responsible for 2 epidemics in Sudan in 2004-2005 and 2010 [20]. The latter affected over 3765 people [21]. In West Africa, DENV-3 circulation was first published in 2008 in Cote d'Ivoire, during a yellow fever alert [22,23].Moreover, subtle changes such as the ones at the lineage level could alter the potential of the dengue virus to cause severity, as it has already been observed in Sri Lankan DENV-3 strains [24,25]. The E protein is the major target gene for genetic variations with a possible impact on virulence [26,27] (Table 1). Materials and Methods Virus isolationSingle T25 C6/36 cells flask (2,6.106 cells) was inoculated with a mix made of 200 μl of serum with 2 ml of L-15 cell culture medium (Gibco), 2% FCS and 20 μl of heparin and filtered on a 22μm sterile filter. Culture flask was incubated at 28 °C. After 7 days, 2 ml of media was removed and added to a new T25 C6/36 cells flask. Culture flask was incubated at 28 °C, under 5% CO2 during 5 days. The supernatant was then removed and used for RT-PCR. Reverse-Transcription and sequencingViral RNA was extracted from 140 μl of cell culture supernatant using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kits (Qiagen, Germany). RT-PCR and amplification was processed as previously described by Lanciotti et al. [17]: To generate two overlapping fragments covering the PrM/M and E genes region, primers pairs F1 (5'-GCTCCCCATGTCGGCATGGGACTGG-3')/ R1(5'-CATCCCTTTGAGTTTCAATTTGTCCAT-3') (1541bp) and F2 (5'-CTAGGATCTCAAGAAGGAGCAATGCA-3')/R2 (5'-CGCGGATCCATGGCTGTTGCCACTCTTTTGGGGGA-3') (865bp) were used in 2 separate reactions. These 2 overlapping fragments amplify a global region of 2272bp. RNA was first transcribed to cDNA using the Super Script III one-step RT-PCR kit (Invitrogen). The reaction mix was 25 µl of 2X reaction mix, 5 µl of template RNA, 1µl of sense primer 10µM (F1 or F2), 1µl of anti-sense primer 10 µM (R1 or R2), 2 µL of SuperScript III RT/Platinum Taq Mix and up to 50 µl of autoclaved distilled water according to manufacturer instruction. The cycle used was 56 °C during 30 min then 94 °C during 2 min followed by 40 cycles of 94 °C (15 s), 56 °C (30 s) and 68 °C (1 min 30). T...

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“…albopictus. En particulier la circulation virale, voire des épidémies urbaines parfois massives, de DENV, CHIKV, ZIKAV ont été signalées [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] et pour lesquelles Ae. albopictus est désormais reconnu comme le vecteur majeur [9,23].…”

Section: Conséquences éPidémiologiques Afrique Centrale Et En Europeunclassified

Facteurs entomologiques d’émergence des arboviroses

Jourdain¹,

Roiz

Perrin³

et al. 2015

Transfusion Clinique et Biologique

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First Evidence of Simultaneous Circulation of Three Different Dengue Virus Serotypes in Africa

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Evidence of Dengue Virus Transmission and Factors Associated with the Presence of Anti-Dengue Virus Antibodies in Humans in Three Major Towns in Cameroon

Evidence of Dengue Virus Transmission and Factors Associated with the Presence of Anti-Dengue Virus Antibodies in Humans in Three Major Towns in Cameroon

Circulation of Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotype III in Africa Since 2008

Facteurs entomologiques d’émergence des arboviroses

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