First experimental proof of asymmetric charge transfer in ICP-MS/MS (ICP-QQQ-MS) through isotopically enriched oxygen as cell gas

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

“…Boting et al 89 have developed a novel approach for interference avoidance by using a reaction cell between two quadrupoles to investigate the exothermic asymmetric charge transfer reaction A + + O 2 / O 2 + + A between O 2 reaction gas and metastable species of the relevant analyte ions. Other methods which have been proposed over the years include interference correction (both ICP-AES and ICP-MS) and the use of doubly charged or oxide ions (ICP-MS).…”

Inductively coupled plasma – Tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS): A powerful and universal tool for the interference-free determination of (ultra)trace elements – A tutorial review

“…As was the case for the O-atom transfer reactions, theoretically only those charge-transfer reactions whereby energy is released (DE > 0) are likely to occur. However, Böting et al [41] performed a more extensive study of the charge transfer reactions in oxygen mode and they concluded that some elements that undergo this type of reaction in the cell, are characterized by ionization energies lower than that of O2 (IE (O2): 12.07 eV), and they are therefore expected to lead to endothermic charge transfer reactions that should not proceed in the reaction cell. According to the authors, a possible explanation for this unexpected behavior could be the existence of metastable ionic states of the elements under consideration that would render charge transfer towards the oxygen gas exothermic.…”

Elemental bio-imaging using laser ablation-triple quadrupole-ICP-MS

“…This approach had superior detection limits when compared against isotope dilution (ID) -ICP-SF-MS. 21 The O + mass shi method has also been used to determine metals and heteroatoms in a range of biological, environmental and organic matrices. [22][23][24][25][26] Further, the ability of some elements to form an asymmetric charge transfer species in the presence of O 2 , leading to the detection of 16 O 2 + adducts has been exploited to overcome particularly difficult isobaric interferences; 27 while others have relied on the formation of adducts such as Ti(NH 3 ) 6 + or used N 2 O in the reaction for this purpose. 28,29 Here, we describe the rst use of an ICP-QQQ-MS in elemental bio-imaging to improve the detection of elements that are subject to potential interferences in biological tissues via mass-shi whilst maintaining the detection sensitivity of onmass analytes.…”