First field evidence for natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus in Culex univittatus complex mosquitoes from Rift Valley province, Kenya.

Miller, Barry R.; Nasci, Roger S.; Godsey, Marvin S.; Savage, Harry M.; Lutwama, Julius J.; Lanciotti, Robert S.; Peters, C. J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.240

Cited by 160 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Natural vertical transmission of WN virus in Culex mosquitoes (32) or survival in overwintering mosquitoes (3,33) could explain the persistence of the virus. However, human transmission likely depends on several factors, including environmental factors, vectors, and amplifying host conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Outbreak in Horses in Southern France, 2000: The Return after 35 Years

Murgue

Murri

Zientara

et al. 2001

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

202

173

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Outbreak in Horses in Southern France, 2000: The Return after 35 Years

Murgue

Murri

Zientara

et al. 2001

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

202

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The lines represent best-¢t linear least-squares regression (solid line for year t + 1 and dashed line for year t + 2). the closely related WEE alphavirus and other arboviruses in mosquitoes (Turrell 1988;Fulhorst et al 1994;Miller et al 2000). Higher rates of transmission in larger populations may also occur within the adult age classes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbovirus infection increases with group size

Brown

Komar

Quick

et al. 2001

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Buggy Creek (BCR) virus is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that is naturally transmitted to its vertebrate host the cli¡ swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) by an invertebrate vector, namely the cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius). We examined how the prevalence of the virus varied with the group size of both its vector and host. The study was conducted in southwestern Nebraska where cli¡ swallows breed in colonies ranging from one to 3700 nests and the bug populations at a site vary directly with the cli¡ swallow colony size. The percentage of cli¡ swallow nests containing bugs infected with BCR virus increased signi¢cantly with colony size at a site in the current year and at the site in the previous year. This result could not be explained by di¡erences in the bug sampling methods, date of sampling, sample size of the bugs, age structure of the bugs or the presence of an alternate host, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Colony sites that were reused by cli¡ swallows showed a positive autocorrelation in the percentage of nests with infected bugs between year t and year t + 1, but the spatial autocorrelation broke down for year t + 2. The increased prevalence of BCR virus at larger cli¡ swallow colonies probably re£ects the larger bug populations there, which are less likely to decline in size and lead to virus extinction. To the authors' knowledge this is the ¢rst demonstration of arbovirus infection increasing with group size and one of the few known predictive ecological relationships between an arbovirus and its vectors/hosts. The results have implications for both understanding the ¢tness consequences of coloniality for cli¡ swallows and understanding the temporal and spatial variation in arboviral epidemics.

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“…Transovarial transmission of WNV has been identified in Kenya in one species of mosquito [62] and has been demonstrated experimentally in a range of Culex and Aedes species mosquitoes [7], as well as in north American Cx. pipiens [94].…”

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus infection of horses

2004

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-West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus closely related to Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses that is primarily maintained in nature by transmission cycles between mosquitoes and birds. Occasionally, WNV infects and causes disease in other vertebrates, including humans and horses. West Nile virus has re-emerged as an important pathogen as several recent outbreaks of encephalomyelitis have been reported from different parts of Europe in addition to the large epidemic that has swept across North America. This review summarises the main features of WNV infection in the horse, with reference to complementary information from other species, highlighting the most recent scientific findings and identifying areas that require further research.

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First field evidence for natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus in Culex univittatus complex mosquitoes from Rift Valley province, Kenya.

Abstract: Abstract. West Nile virus is a mosquito borne flavivirus endemic over a large geographic area including Africa,

Cited by 160 publications

References 25 publications

West Nile Outbreak in Horses in Southern France, 2000: The Return after 35 Years

West Nile Outbreak in Horses in Southern France, 2000: The Return after 35 Years

Arbovirus infection increases with group size

West Nile virus infection of horses

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