First Human Cosavirus Detection From Cerebrospinal Fluid in Hospitalized Children With Aseptic Meningitis and Encephalitis in Iran

Abstract

Objective: Human cosavirus (HCosV) is a newly recognized virus that seems to be partly related to nonpolio flaccid paralysis and acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. However, the relationship between HCosV and diseases in humans is unclear. To assess an investigation for the occurrence of HCosV among pediatric patients involved in meningitis and encephalitis, we implemented a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of HCosV in stool specimens. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 160 cerebrospinal fluid samples from September 2019 to October 2020 were collected from presenting pediatric patients with meningitis and encephalitis in a Karaj hospital, Iran. After viral RNA extraction, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the 5′Un-Translated Region region of the HCosV genome and viral load was analyzed. Results: Of the 160 samples tested, the HCosV genomic RNA was detected in 2/160 (1.25%) of samples. The minimum viral load of HCosV was 3.5 × 103 copies/mL from 4 years male patient. The maximum viral load was determined to be 2.4 × 105 copies/mL in one sample obtained from 3.5 years female patient. Conclusions: This is the first documentation of HCosV detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples that better demonstrates relation of HCosV with neurologic diseases including meningitis and encephalitis. Also, these results indicate that HCosV has been circulating among Iranian pediatric patients.

Distribution and molecular characterization of saffold virus and human cosavirus in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2017−2022

“…In some studies, the prevalence of SAFV and HCoSV in asymptomatic healthy individuals were even higher than those in patients with acute gastroenteritis cases 21–23 . In addition, SAFV has been shown to involve in respiratory tract infection 24,25 and HCoSV to associate with aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in pediatric patients 26 . Altogether, the etiologic roles of SAFV and HCoSV in association with acute gastroenteritis in humans remain unclear and awaiting for further clarification.…”

“…[21][22][23] In addition, SAFV has been shown to involve in respiratory tract infection 24,25 and HCoSV to associate with aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in pediatric patients. 26 Altogether, the etiologic roles of SAFV and HCoSV in association with acute gastroenteritis in humans remain unclear and awaiting for further clarification.…”