First human infection by a novel avian influenza A(H7N4) virus

Tong, Xue; Weng, Shan Shan; Xue, Feng; Wan, Xing; Xu, Tianmin; Zhang, Wen Hong

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2018.06.002

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Moreover, viruses that shared high nucleotide identities with our seven H5N3 reassortants had been previously isolated from wild or domestic waterfowl. Interestingly, the duck virus DK/CQ/S4362/17 contributed the M gene while the three wild bird viruses contributed the PB1 and NS genes to the newly emerged H7N4 reassortant that led to the first human H7N4 infection in 2018 (Tong et al, ). This implied a high frequency of reassortment and transmission of influenza viruses between wild birds, domestic waterfowls and chickens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of avian influenza H5N3 reassortants isolated from migratory waterfowl and domestic ducks in China from 2015 to 2018

Cui

Zeng

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Wild and domestic aquatic birds are the natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). All subtypes of AIVs, including 16 hemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase (NA), have been isolated from the waterfowls. The H5 viruses in wild birds display distinct biological differences from their highly pathogenic H5 counterparts. Here, we isolated seven H5N3 AIVs including three from wild birds and four from domestic ducks in China from 2015 to 2018. The isolation sites of all the seven viruses were located in the region of the East Asian‐Australasian Migratory Flyway. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the surface genes of these viruses originated from the wild bird H5 HA subtype and the N3 Eurasian lineage. The internal genes of the seven H5N3 isolates are derived from the five gene donors isolated from the wild birds or ducks in Eastern‐Asia region. They were also divided into five genotypes according to their surface genes and internal gene combinations. Interestingly, two of the seven H5N3 viruses contributed their partial internal gene segments (PB1, M and NS) to the newly emerged H7N4 reassortants, which have caused first human H7N4 infection in China in 2018. Moreover, we found that the H5N3 virus used in this study react with the anti‐serum of the H5 subtype vaccine isolate (Re‐11 and Re‐12) and reacted well with the Re‐12 anti‐serum. Our findings suggest that worldwide intensive surveillance and the H5 vaccination (Re‐11 and Re‐12) in domestic ducks are needed to monitor the emergence of novel H5N3 reassortants in wild birds and domestic ducks and to prevent H5N3 viruses transmission from the apparently healthy wild birds and domestic ducks to chickens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of avian influenza H5N3 reassortants isolated from migratory waterfowl and domestic ducks in China from 2015 to 2018

Cui

Zeng

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…In early 2018, a severe H7N4 infection was confirmed in a 68-year-old woman in Jiangsu, China, which was the first and only human case infected with an H7N4 as shown in the previous studies [6,7]. The patient was cured with oseltamivir, glucocorticoid, and antibiotic treatment after hospitalization including a week in an intensive care unit [6,7]. After oseltamivir treatment, the virus could no longer be isolated from throat swabs but full genome sequences of the virus were obtained by next-generation sequencing with samples from the patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Little was known about the H7N4 virus until an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred in chickens in Australia in 1997 [5]. In early 2018, a severe H7N4 infection was confirmed in a 68-year-old woman in Jiangsu, China, which was the first and only human case infected with an H7N4 as shown in the previous studies [6,7]. The patient was cured with oseltamivir, glucocorticoid, and antibiotic treatment after hospitalization including a week in an intensive care unit [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Reassortment and adaptive mutations of an emerging avian influenza virus H7N4 subtype in China

Cardona

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Human infections with avian influenza viruses including H5, H7 and H9 hemagglutinin subtypes occur at a low rate. Among human infections with H7 viruses, regional outbreaks with H7N2, H7N3, H7N7 and H7N9 have been documented. Early in 2018, a human infection with a novel H7N4 avian influenza virus was reported in Jiangsu, China. This study is aimed at understanding the probable origin and molecular features of this emerging H7N4 virus. Genomic segments encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of H7Nx and HxN4 viruses were compared with this H7N4 strain by alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the human H7N4 virus probably originated from multiple reassortments of avian H7N7 and H8N4 viruses for its HA and NA, respectively, and likely a regional uncharacterized virus for its internal segments. Our data excluded that circulating avian H9N2 viruses were the origin of the H7N4 internal segments, unlike the human H5N1 and H7N9 viruses that both had H9N2 backbones. This index case provided a unique opportunity to examine viral mutations by directly comparing the human isolate with its closest viral relatives isolated from avian species from the patient's farm, which may suggest critical mutations required for viral adaptation in humans. Whole-genome scanning was performed and the sequences of the human and related avian H7N4 isolates were compared. Mutations in PB2 (E627K), PB2 (K683T), PB1-F2 (N47S), HA (N283D), HA(K321E), NA(A137V), NA(K296R) and M2 (C19Y) were identified in the human isolate while no mutations were found in PB1, NP, NS1, and NS2 of the human H7N4 compared to the avian H7N4 viruses. Our data in this report provide further evidence for the genesis of this novel H7N4 virus with a multi-reassortment model and show molecular changes that might be responsible for the transmission of this virus from chickens or ducks to and subsequent replication in humans.

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“…One human case was detected in China in February 2018 as described by WHO and in the EFSA report November 2017 -February 2018 (EFSA, 2018b;WHO, 2018d, c). Additional clinical information about the case was published, and contract tracing of 28 close contacts did not reveal any transmission between humans (Tong et al, 2018).…”

Section: Human Infection Due To A(h7n4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview May – August 2018

Adlhoch¹,

Kuiken²,

Mulatti³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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Between 16 May and 15 August 2018, three highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry establishments and three HPAI A(H5N6) outbreaks in wild birds were reported in Europe. Three low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) outbreaks were reported in three Member States. Few HPAI and LPAI bird cases have been detected in this period of the year, in accordance with the seasonal expected pattern of LPAI and HPAI. There is no evidence to date that HPAI A(H5N8) and A(H5N6) viruses circulating in Europe have caused any human infections. The risk of zoonotic transmission to the general public in Europe is considered to be very low. Several HPAI outbreaks in poultry were reported during this period from Russia. The presence of the A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) viruses in parts of Russia connected with fall migration routes of wild birds is of concern for possible introduction and spread with wild birds migrating to the EU. Although few AI outbreaks were observed in Africa, Asia and the Middle East during the reporting period, the probability of AI virus introductions from non‐EU countries via wild birds particularly via the north‐eastern route from Russia is increasing, as the fall migration of wild birds will start in the coming weeks. Further, the lower temperatures in autumn and winter may facilitate the environmental survival of avian influenza viruses potentially introduced to Europe.

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First human infection by a novel avian influenza A(H7N4) virus

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of avian influenza H5N3 reassortants isolated from migratory waterfowl and domestic ducks in China from 2015 to 2018

Characterization of avian influenza H5N3 reassortants isolated from migratory waterfowl and domestic ducks in China from 2015 to 2018

Reassortment and adaptive mutations of an emerging avian influenza virus H7N4 subtype in China

Avian influenza overview May – August 2018

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