First identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 in diarrheic pigs in Europe

Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs), which cause gastrointestinal and respiratory illness, have been isolated from a wide variety of mammalian species including bats, minks, pigs and humans. Here we report the isolation and genetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel MRV type 3 (MRV3), named MRV-ZJ2013, from the diarrheic feces of piglets in Zhejiang province, China. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis shows that MRV-ZJ2013 may have originated from reassortments among mink, bat, and pig MRVs, suggesting the hypothesis that interspecies transmission has occurred in pig herds. Neonatal piglets infected with MRV-ZJ2013 displayed mild clinical signs such as poor appetite and soft feces, but vomiting and diarrhea were not observed. Fecal virus shedding was detected only in three out of six piglets, each for one- or two-day post-infection. In contrast, piglets inoculated with a virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain as the control group had severe signs characterized by acute vomiting and watery diarrhea. These findings suggest that the virulence of MRV-ZJ2013, if any, was likely not significant compared to that of PEDV. A seroepidemiological survey of MRV by means of an indirect enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) based on a recombinant MRV3 capsid protein sigma1 as antigen revealed a high seroprevalence (77%) in 1037 samples from diarrheic pigs of different ages from 24 herds in seven provinces of east China between 2015 and 2016, indicating that MRV3 is endemic in pig herds in China, and may contribute collectively to enteric disease along with other porcine pathogens.

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“…S1). It's noted that the porcine MRV reported recently in the USA and Europe (Lelli et al, 2016; Thimmasandra Narayanappa et al,…”

Section: Mrv-zj2013 Is Likely a Reassortant Mrv3 Strainmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus 3 (MRV3) from a diarrheic piglet and seroepidemiological survey of MRV3 in diarrheic pigs from east China

Qin

Wang

et al. 2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…To define the MRV-3 infection in more detail, we combined sequencing reads from all time points and reconstructed a consensus sequence that covered the full coding sequences in all 10 segments of the MRV-3 isolate (GenBank KX932029 - KX932038). Phylogenetic analyses showed that the MRV-3 sequence isolated in this study was most related in all 10 segments to an isolate from a child in Slovenia [ 5 ] and further clustered with isolates from bats in Germany [ 6 ] and pigs in Italy [ 7 ] (Fig. 1a and Additional file 1 : Figures S1-S9).…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The most unexpected finding was the infection with MRV-3, proven by metagenomic sequencing and serology of samples from several time points. MRVs belong to the Reoviridae family, a group of non-enveloped dsRNA viruses with 10 genome segments and have been isolated from a wide range of mammalian hosts and in a variety of clinical contexts [ 5 – 7 ]. To date, the diseases associated with MRV infections in humans include respiratory disease [ 8 ], meningitis [ 9 – 11 ], acute necrotizing encephalopathy [ 12 ] and (in a similar case involving a child living in Slovenia) acute gastroenteritis [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoonotic transmission is often suspected [ 6 , 13 , 14 ]. Our patient lives close to a farm and might have come in contact with pets, farm animals and animal feces making a zoonotic infection conceivable, however, due to the lack of data on MRV distribution and appropriate samples we can only hypothesize on the transmission route [ 7 ]. Stool samples from 16 children with suspicion of gastrointestinal infection treated at the same hospital during 2015 all tested negative with qPCR (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent mammalian orthoreovirus, coxsackievirus and adenovirus co-infection in a child with a primary immunodeficiency detected by metagenomic sequencing: a case report

et al. 2018

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BackgroundWe report a rare case of Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infection in a child with a primary immunodeficiency (PID). Infections with Mammalian orthoreovirus are very rare and probably of zoonotic origin. Only a few cases have been described so far, including one with similar pathogenesis as in our case.Case presentationThe patient, age 11, presented with flu-like symptoms and persistent severe diarrhea. Enterovirus has been detected over several months, however, exact typing of a positive cell culture remained inconclusive. Unbiased metagenomic sequencing then detected MRV in stool samples from several time points. The sequencing approach further revealed co-infection with a recombinant Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus. MRV-specific antibodies detected by immunofluorescence proved that the patient seroconverted.ConclusionThis case highlights the potential of unbiased metagenomic sequencing in supplementing routine diagnostic methods, especially in situations of chronic infection with multiple viruses as seen here in an immunocompromised host. The origin, transmission routes and implications of MRV infection in humans merit further investigation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-2946-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Among African countries, only two MRVs have been reported in Cameroon: a T4N strain, a prototype of serotype 4, isolated from a rodent [11,30,31]; and the CMR-HP55 strain detected from children with diarrhea [27]. Although MRVs isolated from pigs have been reported in Japan, China, South Korea, Italy and the USA [2,3,18,[32][33][34][35], they have never been detected from pigs in Africa. Understanding the distribution of MRV in Africa is important for veterinary and public health perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of mammalian orthoreoviruses isolated from faeces of pigs in Zambia

Harima

Sasaki

Kajihara

et al. 2020

Journal of General Virology

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Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) has been identified in humans, livestock and wild animals; this wide host range allows individual MRV to transmit into multiple species. Although several interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment events of MRVs among humans, livestock and wildlife have been reported, the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of MRVs in Africa are poorly understood. In this study, we report the first isolation and characterization of MRVs circulating in a pig population in Zambia. In our screening, MRV genomes were detected in 19.7 % (29/147) of faecal samples collected from pigs by reverse transcription PCR. Three infectious MRV strains (MRV-85, MRV-96 and MRV-117) were successfully isolated, and their complete genomes were sequenced. Recombination analyses based on the complete genome sequences of the isolated MRVs demonstrated that MRV-96 shared the S3 segment with a different MRV isolated from bats, and that the L1 and M3 segments of MRV-117 originated from bat and human MRVs, respectively. Our results suggest that the isolated MRVs emerged through genetic reassortment events with interspecies transmission. Given the lack of information regarding MRVs in Africa, further surveillance of MRVs circulating among humans, domestic animals and wildlife is required to assess potential risk for humans and animals.

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First identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 in diarrheic pigs in Europe

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Genetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus 3 (MRV3) from a diarrheic piglet and seroepidemiological survey of MRV3 in diarrheic pigs from east China

Genetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus 3 (MRV3) from a diarrheic piglet and seroepidemiological survey of MRV3 in diarrheic pigs from east China

Persistent mammalian orthoreovirus, coxsackievirus and adenovirus co-infection in a child with a primary immunodeficiency detected by metagenomic sequencing: a case report

Characterization of mammalian orthoreoviruses isolated from faeces of pigs in Zambia

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