First imported relapse case of Plasmodium vivax malaria and analysis of its origin by CSP sequencing in Henan Province, China

Liu, Ying; Zhang, Hongwei; Zhou, Rong; Yang, Chengyun; Qian, Dawei; Zhao, Yong; Xu, Bingying

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-448

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This protein plays many roles, including salivary gland invasion in mosquitoes, sporozoite maturation, and hepatocyte invasion in humans [ 23 ]. It has three distinct domains: a central repetitive domain with varying numbers of tandem repeats and highly conserved domains at both the amino and carboxyl ends [ 24 ]. Previous reports classified this sequence into three types according to the amino acid composition of repeats: variant or VK247, common or VK210, and P. vivax - like [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of polymorphisms in the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Henan Province, China

Liu

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundPlasmodium vivax malaria has historically been a major source of disease in Henan, China. In the 1970s, the morbidity of malaria was highest in the country. With support from the government and the efforts of healthcare personnel, the reported malaria cases have declined dramatically and a national elimination programme was launched in 2010. To achieve the goal, it is essential to study the diversity of autochthonous malaria and transmission of Plasmodium parasites, which will provide baseline data for disease control and management.MethodsThirty-two P. vivax isolates from Henan province were collected from 2008 to 2011, and circumsporozoite protein (csp) genes were analysed to estimate the genetic diversity of this parasite.ResultsThe assessment of csp sequences indicated that all the isolates were the VK210 type, however, none of them was identical to the VK210 strain. The sequences displayed variations in the central region, and eight sub-types were observed. Among the sub-types, HN7 was the most prevalent (37.5%), followed by HN3 (34.4%). A total of 653 repeat units were discovered in 32 Henan isolates. Nucleotide sequences were grouped in 13 unique repeat nucleotide sequence allotypes that coded for 7 different repeated amino acid allotypes. B (GNGAGGQAA) and D (GDRAAGQPA) were more frequent based on the results; they represented 53.9% (352/653) of the total. In comparison to the basic repeat units of VK210, more than 75% of the central repeat units had at least one non-synonymous nucleotide change.ConclusionsRecent P. vivax populations in Henan province showed some degree of genetic diversity in csp, with 8 sub-types among 32 samples. Meantime, the results also suggested its relative conserved parasite populations. This could provide interesting baseline data that allow identifying whether potential new cases differ from the parasites already circulating in the area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of polymorphisms in the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Henan Province, China

Liu

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2018

Malar J

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“…In China, an action plan for malaria elimination was launched in 2010, and the Henan government carried out the action the same year. Indigenous P. falciparum was successfully eliminated in 1988 and no indigenous malaria cases have been reported in Henan Province since 2012 [ 2 ]. However, imported malaria cases have increased year after year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of Plasmodium falciparum k13-propeller gene among migrant workers returning to Henan Province, China from Africa

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHenan Province has been in the malaria elimination stage, with all reports of the disease being imported since 2012 and over 90% coming from Africa. Surveillance and population studies are essential for the early detection and subsequent prevention of the spread of drug resistance. The K13-propeller gene was recently identified as a proposed molecular marker of artemisinin (ART) resistance. In this study, we detected mutations of the K13-propeller gene in samples taken from imported malaria cases in Henan Province from 2012 to 2015.MethodsThere were 483 samples that were obtained from Plasmodium falciparum–infected malaria migrant workers who returned to Henan Province from Africa between 2012 and 2015. The single nucleotide polymorphisms in the K13-propeller gene were assessed by nested PCR with DNA sequencing. Frequency and geographic difference of K13-propeller gene mutant types were analyzed.ResultsOf 483 patients, 476 were cured and 7 died. There were no K13-propeller mutations in the blood samples from the 7 patients who died, but there were 23 different genotypes of the K13-propeller that were observed in 24 (4.97%) of the samples. C580Y, which was the predominant one in the resistance of ART, was not detected in the samples, but R539T and P574L which have also been associated with ART resistance, were observed in two samples from Angola and Equatorial Guinea. No mutations were detected in 11 samples from North Africa. The frequency of the K13-propeller was 6.50% (8/123) in Central Africa, followed by East Africa (1/19, 5.26%), West Africa (9/198, 4.55%) and South Africa (6/132, 4.55%). There was no significant difference among these four areas (P = 0.795).ConclusionR539T and P574L were found in migrant workers who traveled from Africa to Henan Province, although the frequency of the K13-propeller mutants was low. These data may enrich the molecular surveillance of antimalarial resistance and will be helpful for developing and updating the antimalarial policy in Henan Province.

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“…Located in Central China, Henan had a flat terrain and a well-established transportation network [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of care-seeking behavior among malaria patients in China’s Malaria Eradication Program: A Geographic Information System Analysis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: China launched a new round of National Malaria Eradication Program (NMEP) in 2010 that sets the goal to eliminate malaria by 2020, while it has been challenged by the large-scale frequent population migration. To assess the influence of geographic mobility of population on the epidemiology of malaria, we conducted a comprehensive study about the care-seeking behavior among malaria patients. Methods: The malaria cases were identified within a national database from the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. All health institutions and facilities reported malaria patient records during the period from January 2014 to December 2016. Overall 1633 malaria patients were selected in six provinces located in eastern, central and western China that saw most severe malaria epidemic using stratified sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to investigate the distribution of malaria patients in various medical institutions, and the chi-square test was used to compare the cross-regional visit rates of different types of hospitals. Colored maps were drawn to visualize the spatial distribution of hospitals and spatial flow of malaria patients by using the ArcGIS software. Results: The proportions of malaria patients who sought medical care in general hospitals, township hospitals, and professional public health institutions were 81.7%, 14.7% and 3.6%, respectively. For those who visited hospitals, the percentages who chose provincial, prefecture-level and county-level hospitals for malaria treatment were 17.4%, 60.5% and 22.1%, correspondingly; the proportions of malaria patients who sought medical care in tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals, and primary hospitals were 59.8%, 39.9% and 0.3%, respectively. Moreover, the proportions of inter-provincial, inter-city and inter-county patients were 3.9%, 82.4% and 80.2%, respectively. In addition, we also found that the percentage of malaria patients who sought treatment in designated hospitals was high. Conclusion: With the implementation of National Malaria Control Program (NMCP), malaria patients tended to seek medical care in designate tertiary hospitals, and slightly more than half of patients could be treated in health institutions and facilities in prefectural area. In the post-stage of malaria elimination, it is necessary to establish prompt response grassroots hospitals to refer malaria patients to designated malaria treatment hospitals.

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First imported relapse case of Plasmodium vivax malaria and analysis of its origin by CSP sequencing in Henan Province, China

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis of polymorphisms in the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Henan Province, China

Analysis of polymorphisms in the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Henan Province, China

Polymorphisms of Plasmodium falciparum k13-propeller gene among migrant workers returning to Henan Province, China from Africa

Spatial analysis of care-seeking behavior among malaria patients in China’s Malaria Eradication Program: A Geographic Information System Analysis

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