First investigation of the prevalence of parvoviruses in slaughterhouse pigs and genomic characterization of ungulate copiparvovirus 2 in Vietnam

Abstract

Ungulate protoparvovirus 1, also known as porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1), is considered to be 18 one of the major causes of reproductive failure in pig breeding herds. In addition, in pigs, other 19 parvoviruses have also been identified, including Ungulate tetraparvovirus 3 or PPV2, 20 Ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 or PPV3, and Ungulate copiparvovirus 2 or PPV4 but their 21 significance for pigs is unknown. In the present study, the prevalence of PPV1-4 was 22 investigated using a total of 231 lung and serum samples collected from slaughter houses in 13 23 provinces throughout Vietnam. The overall prevalence was 54.5% (126/231) for PPV1, 28.0% 24 (65/231) for PPV2, 17.7% (41/231) for PPV3, and 7.8% (18/231) for PPV4. While PPV1 and 25 PPV2 appeared in 11/13 provinces, PPV4 was detected in only 3/13 provinces. PPV1, PPV2 26 and PPV3 co-circulation was frequently observed with PPV1/PPV2 co-infection, 27 predominating with 20.8% (48/231). All four PPVs were only detected together in one sample 28 from Thua Thien Hue. Three nearly complete PPV4 genomes of 5,453 bp in size were obtained 29 and deposited in GenBank. Genomic alignment and comparison of the three sequences showed 30 high identities at both the nucleotide (99.5-99.6%) and the deducted amino acid levels (99.6-31 99.9%) of open reading frames 1-3 and also with Vietnamese or Chinese strains (98.9-99.3% 32 and 99.4-99.7%, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed a close relationship 33 between Vietnamese and Chinese PPV4 strains. These results are the first to report the 34 prevalence of PPV1, PPV2, PPV3, and PPV4 and nearly complete genomic sequences of PPV4 35 in pigs from slaughterhouses in Vietnam.

Detection of porcine cytomegalovirus, a roseolovirus, in pig ovaries and follicular fluid: implications for somatic cells nuclear transfer, cloning and xenotransplantation

“…To use pigs from slaughterhouses as source of oocytes has many disadvantages. In addition to the high prevalence of PCMV/PRV [18], numerous other viruses were found in slaughterhouse pigs, among them hepatitis E virus (HEV) [26][27][28], parvoviruses [29], Torque teno sus virus [30], porcine lymphotropic herpes viruses [31] and circoviruses [32]. Whether these viruses (with exeption of HEV, which is a well-known zoonotic virus (for review see [33])) pose a risk for xenotransplantation and whether they can be transmitted via SCNT is unclear.…”

Detection of porcine cytomegalovirus, a roseolovirus, in pig ovaries and follicular fluid: Implications for somatic cells nuclear transfer, cloning and xenotransplantation

“…To use pigs from slaughterhouses as source of oocytes has many disadvantages. In addition to the high prevalence of PCMV/PRV [18], numerous other viruses were found in slaughterhouse pigs, among them hepatitis E virus [26-28], parvoviruses [29], Torque teno sus virus [30], porcine lymphotropic herpes viruses [31] and circoviruses [32]. Whether these viruses pose a risk for xenotransplantation and whether they can be transmitted via SCNT is unclear.…”

Assessment on the efficacy of methods 2 to 5 and method 7 set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 to inactivate relevant pathogens when producing processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals

“…Although the occurrence of the disease has significantly reduced due to vaccination, porcine parvoviruses are geographically ubiquitarian, and they are frequently detected in slaughtered pigs (e.g. depending on the type of porcine parvovirus, 7–78% in tonsils, 55–60% in heart tissue, 8–68% in lungs, 34% in blood (Streck et al., 2013 ; Thuy et al., 2021 )). Porcine bocavirus (PboV, reviewed in Aryal and Liu, 2021 ) was discovered in 2009 in Sweden in pigs suffering from post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) (Blomström et al., 2010 ).…”