First Isolation and Rapid Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus from Aborted Fetus of Dromedary Camel Using Next-Generation Sequencing

Abstract

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes morbidities and mortalities in wild and domestic birds globally. For humans, exposure to infected birds can cause conjunctivitis and influenza-like symptoms. NDV infections in mammals are rarely reported. In this study, using next-generation sequencing, an NDV was identified and isolated from Vero cells inoculated with the nasal swab of an aborted dromedary fetus in Dubai, during the time when an NDV outbreak occurred in a pigeon farm located in close proximity to the dairy camel farm where the mother of the aborted dromedary fetus resided, and there were a lot of pigeons in the camel farm. Genome analysis revealed that the structurally and functionally important features of other NDVs were also present in this dromedary NDV genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN) and complete polyprotein showed that the virus belonged to sub-genotype VIg of class II NDV and is most closely related to pigeon NDVs in Egypt in the same year. The present study is the first that demonstrated isolation of NDV in dromedaries. Further study is warranted to investigate the relationship between NDV infection and abortion.

Novel variant infectious bursal disease virus suppresses Newcastle disease vaccination in broiler and layer chickens

“…According to the pathogenicity to chickens, NDV can be distinguished into 4 pathotypes named velogenic, mesogenic, lentogenic, and avirulent types, respectively. The F and HN proteins are mainly associated with the pathogenic process of NDV infection ( Teng et al., 2019 ). Newcastle disease has caused tremendous economic losses through numerous epidemics associated with high mortality and morbidity ( Rahman et al., 2018 ).…”

Newcastle Disease in Mammalian Species: The Propensity of Cross-Species Transmission Towards Public Health Perspective

“…Note: Data only with full information was compiled from a previous report (Thibault et al 2017). (Burnet 1943;Shimkin 1946;Yatom 1946;Anderson 1946;Freymann and Bang 1949;Ingalls and Mahoney 1949;Gustafson and Moses 1951;Hunter et al 1951;Lippmann 1952;Keeney and Hunter 1951;Mitchell and Walker 1951;Quinn et al 1952;Nelson et al 1952;Reagan et al 1956;Pilsworth and Wall 1964;Trott and Pilsworth 1965;Alby 1965;Goebel et al 2007;Kuiken et al 2018;Shabbir et al 2021), mice (Khattar et al 2011), cattle (Yates et al 1952;Ozawa and Chow 1958;Subbiah et al 2008), sheep (Sharma et al 2012), camel (Teng et al 2019), hamster (Samuel et al 2011), rabbit (Charan et al 1984), monkey (Charan et al 1984;Kuiken et al 2017), mink (Zhao et al 2017) From 1950-2014, the proportion of the global human population living in urban areas increased from 30% to 54% and is projected to be 68% by 2050 (United Nations Department 2015). This suggests that the number of vulnerable individuals at risk of contracting NDV from feral pigeons will increase in the coming decades.…”

“…In 2012, the NDV genomes were detected in two healthy sheep (Ovis aries) in India, which were isolated using the cell culture technique (Sharma et al 2012). In 2015, an abortion case in a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), with slight respiratory signs, was noted in Dubai (Teng et al 2019). Pathology was characterized by the greyish oedematous placenta, pre-auricular lymphadenopathy, and non-ventilated lungs (Figure 1).…”

“…Pathology was characterized by the greyish oedematous placenta, pre-auricular lymphadenopathy, and non-ventilated lungs (Figure 1). Utilizing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), the NDV genome was detected from nasal swabs collected from the aborted fetus (Teng et al 2019). During that period, an NDV outbreak occurred in a pigeon flock living in close vicinity where the dam of the aborted camel fetus was housed.…”

“…As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the discoveries of different mammalian species as reservoirs and/or carrier hosts of emerging viruses have boosted interest in searching for more novel or known viruses in those suspicious hosts that were not previously associated with any infection against a specific virus. Similarly, NGS has made it possible to identify NDV strains in dead immunocompromised patients and other apparently healthy or clinically ill animals (Goebel et al 2007;Sharma et al 2012;Kuiken et al 2018;Teng et al 2019). These metagenomic studies have remarkably highlighted the spectrum of NDV to cause infection in a wide range of mammalian species.…”