First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

Betancourth, Sergio; Archaga, Osman; Moncada, Wendy; Rodríguez, Vilma Rosa Pérez; Fontecha, Gustavo

doi:10.3390/pathogens10030336

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Cryptosporidium is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in the world, especially in low-and middleincome countries. It mainly affects children and immunocompromised people, in whom it can pose a serious threat to their health, or even be life threatening Sergio Betancourth [21]. In the current work, the intensity of oocysts shedding in dexamethasone immunosuppressed mice was significantly higher (P<0.01) than in immunocompetent ones throughout the duration of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles loaded Nitazoxanide in The Treatment of Murine Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice

2021

Al-Azhar University Journal of Virus Researches and Studies

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Cryptosporidium is a protozoan that can result in severe diarrhea which is usually self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals but may be chronic and life threatening to those who are immunocompromised. Aim of the work to study the effect of silver nanoparticle (AgNps)loaded nitazoxanide (NTZ) in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in the experimentally infected immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. Methods is the study included two major groups of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. Each group had the following subgroups; normal control, infected control, infected treated with nitazoxanide, infected treated with silver nanoparticle, infected treated silver nanoparticle-loaded nitazoxanide 100ug/g and infected treated silver nanoparticles loaded nitazoxanide 200ug/g. Mice were subjected to stool examination for oocysts count and were later sacrificed for organs dissection, histopathological examination of intestinal tissue and assessment of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles in mice tissues. Also, immunological assessment of circulating cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17) in the serum of the mice was done. The results revealed that the silver nanoparticle loaded nitazoxanide (200ug/g) showed the lowest number of oocysts shedding and the highest improvement of histopathological changes with a remarkable decrease in all of the immune mediators in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. No tissue toxicity in all silver nanoparticles treated mice. Conclusion AgNps loaded NTZ proved its effectiveness against the experimental cryptosporidiosis than nitazoxanide alone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles loaded Nitazoxanide in The Treatment of Murine Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice

2021

Al-Azhar University Journal of Virus Researches and Studies

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“…AIDS is the fourth major cause of human death and the leading cause of death due to infectious disease [ 1 ]. Serious opportunistic infections (OIs) are the prominent cause of death in patients with advanced AIDS, with many such infections posing a serious threat to the health of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients [ 2 ]. Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis (syn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in Shanghai, China

et al. 2023

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Background Opportunistic infections are a ubiquitous complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common opportunistic intestinal pathogens in humans. In China, despite the number of HIV/AIDS patients being extremely large, only a few studies have investigated opportunistic infections caused by intestinal pathogens in this patient population. The aims of this study were to elucidate the occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods We collected fecal specimens from 155 HIV/AIDS patients (one from each patient). All of the specimens were examined for the presence of the pathogens by genotyping using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene for Cryptosporidium spp.; the triosephosphate isomerase, β-giardin and glutamate dehydrogenase genes for G. duodenalis; and the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene for E. bieneusi. The Cryptosporidium-positive specimens were further subtyped by polymerase chain reacion and sequencing of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene. Results Six (3.9%), three (1.9%), and eight (5.2%) HIV/AIDS patients were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi, respectively. No statistical differences were observed in occurrence rate between the groups by gender, clinical symptom (diarrhea), and CD4+ cell count. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified: Cryptosporidium hominis (n = 2), Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 1), Cryptosporidium meleagridis (n = 1), and Cryptosporidium andersoni (n = 2). Furthermore, two C. hominis subtypes (IeA12G3T3 and IaA28R4) were detected. Three G. duodenalis-positive specimens were successfully amplified and sequenced at the triosephosphate isomerase and β-giardin loci, which led to the identification of assemblages C and B, respectively. Seven genotypes (D, Type IV, EbpC, Peru11, EbpD, A, and I) were identified in E. bieneusi-positive specimens. Conclusions Our findings should increase awareness of AIDS-related opportunistic intestinal pathogens, and indicate the need for routine examination in clinical practice for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi. Homology analyses of the three intestinal pathogens at the nucleotide and/or amino acid levels indicated their zoonotic potential. Graphical Abstract

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An update on the distribution of Blastocystis subtypes in the Americas

Jiménez¹,

Muñoz²,

Ramírez³

2022

Heliyon

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First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles loaded Nitazoxanide in The Treatment of Murine Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles loaded Nitazoxanide in The Treatment of Murine Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice

Molecular identification and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in Shanghai, China

An update on the distribution of Blastocystis subtypes in the Americas

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