First Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analyses of Zoonotic Giardia intestinalis in Horses in Turkey

Demircan, Kubra; Önder, Zühal; Düzlü, Önder; Yıldırım, Alparslan; Okur, Mubeccel; Çiloğlu, Arif; Yetişmiş, Gamze; İncı, Abdullah

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.017

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The previous reports indicated that higher G. duodenalis prevalence was generally detected in younger donkeys due to their unhealthy immune system, but this result is not consistent with the two previous reports in China [13,14]. Compared to male donkeys, a higher G. duodenalis prevalence was observed in the female donkeys, contradicting the results of a previous investigation on horses in Turkey [33]. In two other studies, no significant difference in G. duodenalis prevalence was detected between the different age or sex factors [34,35].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China

Gao,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Animals

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Giardia duodenalis is a ubiquitous flagellated protozoan, causing significant economic losses to animal husbandry and posing threats to public health. China ranks the world’s sixth largest major producer of donkeys, rearing approximately 2.6 million donkeys in 2019, but limited investigation of G. duodenalis prevalence has been conducted in the past, and it is yet to be known whether donkeys in Shanxi Province are infected with G. duodenalis. In the present study, a total of 815 fecal samples collected from donkeys in representative regions of Shanxi Province, North China, were examined for G. duodenalis using nested PCR. Then, the assemblages and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were examined based on three established loci: namely, β-giardin (bg), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh). The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in donkeys in Shanxi Province was 16.81% (137/815). The region was identified as the main risk factor for the observed difference in G. duodenalis prevalence in donkeys among the three study areas (χ2 = 21.611, p < 0.001). Assemblages A, E, and B were identified, with the latter as the predominant assemblage. Three MLGs (MLG-novel-1 to 3) were formed based on sequence variation among the three loci. The present study reveals the presence of G. duodenalis in donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China, for the first time, which not only enriches the data on the distribution of G. duodenalis in donkeys in China but also provides useful baseline data for planning control strategies against G. duodenalis infection in the sampled areas.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China

Gao,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Both assemblages were reported at similar proportions (~50%) in individuals admitted at hospital settings in Edirne (Çiçek and Şakru, 2015). Additionally, dogs and horses have been demonstrated to harbour infections by zoonotic sub-assemblage BIV and assemblage A, respectively (Gultekin et al ., 2017; Demircan et al ., 2019), whereas assemblages A and B were identified in river water samples in the Giresun and Samsun Provinces (Koloren et al ., 2016). In all these surveys, assignment of G. duodenalis assemblages/sub-assemblages was based on a single locus, usually the β -giardin gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of enteric parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in patients admitted to hospital in Ankara, Turkey

et al. 2020

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This epidemiological study assesses the occurrence of enteric parasites in 4303 patients attended at two public hospitals in Ankara (Turkey) during 2018–2019. Microscopy was used as a screening test. Giardia duodenalis was also identified using a commercial ELISA for the detection of parasite-specific coproantigens. Giardia-positive samples by microscopy/ELISA were confirmed by real-time PCR and characterized using a multilocus genotyping scheme. Blastocystis sp. was genotyped in a sample subset. Blastocystis sp. (11.1%, 95% CI 11.4‒14.8%) and G. duodenalis (1.56%, 95% CI 1.22‒1.96) were the most prevalent pathogens found. Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica and intestinal helminths were only sporadically (<0.5%) found. For G. duodenalis, sequence (n = 30) analyses revealed the presence of sub-assemblages AII (23.3%), discordant AII/AIII (23.3%) and mixed AII + AIII (6.7%) within assemblage A, and BIII (10.0%), BIV (3.3%) and discordant BIII/BIV (23.3%) within assemblage B. Two additional sequences (6.7%) were assigned to the latter assemblage but sub-assemblage information was unknown. No associations between G. duodenalis assemblages/sub-assemblages and sociodemographic and clinical variables could be demonstrated. For Blastocystis sp., sequence (n = 6) analyses identified subtypes ST1, ST2 and ST3 at equal proportions. This is the first molecular characterization of G. duodenalis based on MLG conducted in Turkey to date.

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“…However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies examining the presence of Giardia across a range of animal species by PCR. Nevertheless, our results appeared to be among the range of positivity rates reported in different animal species: 29% in dogs [ 35 ], 8% in cats [ 36 ], 4% in rabbits [ 37 ], 33% in pigs [ 38 ], 28% in cattle [ 39 ], 4% in guinea pigs [ 40 ], and 17% in horses [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The opportunistic protist, Giardia intestinalis , occurs in gut-healthy humans in a high-income country

Brožová,

Jirků,

Lhotská

et al. 2023

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Giardia intestinalis , a cosmopolitan gastrointestinal protist, is detected mainly in patients with clinical giardiasis in high-income countries. In contrast, there is very little information on the presence of Giardia in asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of Giardia in gut-healthy volunteers in the Czech Republic and to perform a comparative evaluation of different diagnostic methods, since Giardia diagnostics is complicated. Our results confirmed that the qPCR method is the most sensitive method for detecting Giardia and revealed a prevalence of 7% (22/296) in asymptomatic individuals. In most cases, the colonization intensity ranged from 10 −1 –10 1 . A conventional PCR protocol targeting the TPI gene was used to identify the assemblages. However, this protocol had limited sensitivity for Giardia amplification, effectively detecting colonization above an intensity of 10 4 . In addition, Giardia was detected in 19% of the animals, which were closely associated with the study participants. However, due to methodological limitations, zoonotic transmission could not be clearly confirmed. Notably, contact with animals proved to be the only factor that had a significant impact on the incidence of Giardia in gut-healthy humans.

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First Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analyses of Zoonotic Giardia intestinalis in Horses in Turkey

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China

Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China

Detection of enteric parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in patients admitted to hospital in Ankara, Turkey

The opportunistic protist, Giardia intestinalis , occurs in gut-healthy humans in a high-income country

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