First Molecular Survey on Anaplasma phagocytophilum Re-vealed High Prevalence in Rural Dogs from Khuzestan Prov-ince, Iran

Hamidinejat, Hossein; Bahrami, Somayeh; Mosalanejad, Bahman; Pahlavan, Sharareh

doi:10.18502/ijpa.v14i2.1142

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…seroprevalence is available from China, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan and Israel and range from 1.2 to 24.7% ( Table 1 ) ( 212 , 214 ). Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA has also been detected in dogs with prevalence rates up to 39.5 and 57.3% in Jordan and Iran, respectively ( 219 , 222 ).…”

Section: Distribution and Prevalence Of Anaplasma Phagocytophilummentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a worldwide emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen transmitted by Ixodid ticks and naturally maintained in complex and incompletely assessed enzootic cycles. Several studies have demonstrated an extensive genetic variability with variable host tropisms and pathogenicity. However, the relationship between genetic diversity and modified pathogenicity is not yet understood. Because of their proximity to humans, dogs are potential sentinels for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Furthermore, the strong molecular similarity between human and canine isolates of A. phagocytophilum in Europe and the USA and the positive association in the distribution of human and canine cases in the USA emphasizes the epidemiological role of dogs. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects and survives within neutrophils by disregulating neutrophil functions and evading specific immune responses. Moreover, the complex interaction between the bacterium and the infected host immune system contribute to induce inflammatory injuries. Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis is an acute febrile illness characterized by lethargy, inappetence, weight loss and musculoskeletal pain. Hematological and biochemistry profile modifications associated with this disease are unspecific and include thrombocytopenia, anemia, morulae within neutrophils and increased liver enzymes activity. Coinfections with other tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) may occur, especially with Borrelia burgdorferi, complicating the clinical presentation, diagnosis and response to treatment. Although clinical studies have been published in dogs, it remains unclear if several clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities can be related to this infection.

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Section: Distribution and Prevalence Of Anaplasma Phagocytophilummentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…Yousefi et al (2017) studies showed that 1.08% (4/370) of Iranian domesticated small ruminants were positive for A. phagocytophilum infection. In our previous study, the molecular prevalence of A. phagocytophilum was noticeably high in rural dogs of Khuzestan province (Hamidinejat et al 2019). The risk of exposure to the vector-borne pathogen is, among other factors, influenced by the abundance of the vector and the prevalence of the pathogen within the vector population (Medlock et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Concurrent occurrence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and A. marginale in bovine peripheral blood samples from southwest of Iran

Bahrami

Hamidinejat

Hajikolaei

et al. 2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum and A. marginale are the most important tick-borne bacteria of veterinary and public health significance. Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes febrile disease in humans (human granulocytic-HGA) and animals. Anaplasma marginale is the aetiological agent of acute anaplasmosis, a bovine syndrome characterized by progressive hemolytic anemia associated with fever, weight loss, abortion, decreased milk production, and in some cases, death of the infected cattle. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale in cattle from Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. Samples were collected between March to August 2016. Farmed cattle were selected from the four geographic regions of Khuzestan province with the highest population of cattle herds: Behbahan; Dezful; Shushtar; and Ahvaz. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 200 cattle Species specification was accomplished by specific Nested PCR according to amplification of the 16SrRNA gene. To identify A. marginale, semi-nested PCR product was cut with restriction endonucleases Bst 1107 I. The prevalence of the A. marginale infection (21.5 %) was higher than that of A. phagocytophilum (7.5 %), which was found in a mixed infection with A. marginale. Overall, in the present study 7.5% of cattle were infected with both A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale. Despite the healthy appearance of infected cattle, they can transmit Anaplasma to ticks and are potential continuous sources for maintaining and disseminating the organisms to the human and animals’ population. More epidemiological studies are needed to determine the vectors and reservoir animals for the Anaplasma species and to clarify the pathogenicity of A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum for humans and animals in Iran.

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Prevalence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia infections in dogs in Iran: A meta‐analysis study

Abdous,

Rahnama,

Shams

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The current study aims to assess the prevalence of different genera of Rickettsiales, intracellular bacteria, in dogs across various regions of Iran. Rickettsiales, as zoonotic pathogens, can have various manifestations in different species, including immunosuppression, anaemia and neuropathy. Due to their close interactions with people and livestock, dogs can serve as reservoirs and transmit these pathogens to humans and other animals. The data from this research can be valuable for managing and controlling related diseases and complications in Iran and possibly neighbouring countries. Pertinent data for this study was gathered without time limitations until 1 March 2022, from different databases. Of all the inspected studies, 26 were eligible based on the inclusion criteria. The Egger test result and asymmetry in the funnel plot revealed significant publication bias; therefore, the meta‐analysis model was corrected with the trim‐and‐fill method. After correction, the prevalence of rickettsial infections among dogs varies by genus – 20.1% for Anaplasma spp. and 10% for Ehrlichia spp. – with an overall prevalence estimated at 18.3% by random‐effects analysis. The highest and lowest estimated pooled prevalences were associated with the southwestern (38.5%) and southern (0.3%) provinces of Iran, respectively. The pooled prevalence of rickettsial infection was higher in female dogs (OR = 1.198; p < 0.978; 95% CI, 0.842–1.705) and in dogs ≤2 years (OR = 1.014; p < 0.312; 95% CI, 0.598–1.72), but the difference was not statistically significant. Ultimately, the pooled prevalence of rickettsial infections among dogs is relatively low compared to other countries like Qatar, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, which are nearby Iran. Given the significant clinical outcomes of this disease, necessary measures for prevention should be taken.

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First Molecular Survey on Anaplasma phagocytophilum Re-vealed High Prevalence in Rural Dogs from Khuzestan Prov-ince, Iran

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review

Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review

Concurrent occurrence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and A. marginale in bovine peripheral blood samples from southwest of Iran

Prevalence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia infections in dogs in Iran: A meta‐analysis study

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