First observation of true vivipary in Grindelia squarrosa (Asteraceae)

Pliszko, Artur; Górecki, Artur

doi:10.1007/s11756-021-00713-0

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, are the seeds with and without pre-dispersal germination the same size and have the same degree of dormancy? In the achene-dimorphic species Grindelia squarrosa (Asteraceae), only disc achenes had pre-dispersal germination, i.e., no ray achenes germinated; disc achenes are less dormant than ray achenes (Pliszki and Górecki, 2021). Additionally, what might be the effect of climate on the life history, ecology, and demography on Amaranthaceae species with pre-dispersal germination in the cold deserts, especially with regard to amount and frequency of precipitation?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-viviparous pre-dispersal seed germination in Amaranthaceae in the cold deserts of Central Asia

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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In the broad context of understanding the relationship between timing of seed germination and adaptation of a plant species to its habitat, the purpose of this study was to purse an observation of pre-dispersal seed germination of Salsola brachiata (Amaranthaceae) in late winter 2021 in the Amaranthaceae species-rich cold deserts in northwest China (Central Asia). We searched for pre-dispersal germination in species of Amaranthaceae growing in sand dunes (S), salt deserts (SD) and gravel deserts (GD). We examined 69 species in 155 populations in autumn 2021 and 52 species in 12 populations in early spring 2022. No seeds of any of the 69 species germinated on the mother plants in autumn 2021, while 30 of 52 species (57.7%) did so during snowmelt in early spring 2022. The rank order of species with few to many seeds germinated on the mother plants was annuals (66.7%) > small shrubs (23.3%) > small trees (6.7%) > shrubs (3.3%). The number of species in S, SD, and GD with pre-dispersal germinated seeds was 16 of 27 (59.3%), 15 of 31 (48.4%), and 15 of 30 (50.0%), respectively. The high species occurrence of pre-dispersal germination in early spring suggested that it might be adaptive in the unpredictable-rainfall growing-season environment of the cold deserts of Central Asia, a center of diversity of Amaranthaceae. However, preliminary studies on seedling/juvenile survival of S. brachiata showed that those from post-dispersal soil-germinated seeds had the best survival, suggesting that pre-dispersal seed germination may be maladaptive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-viviparous pre-dispersal seed germination in Amaranthaceae in the cold deserts of Central Asia

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…Pre-dispersal germination of cypselae has been reported in Abrotanella linearis var. apiculata (Simpson, 1979), Ageratina adenophora (Karmakar and Hazra, 2016), Bidens pilosa (Karmakar et al, 2019), Grindelia squarrosa (Pliszko and Górecki, 2021), Pachystegias insignis var. minor (Simpson, 1979), Saussurea lappa (Chauhan et al, 2018) and Tagetes erecta (Anand and Mathur, 2012).…”

Section: Pre-dispersal Germination Of Non-dormant Cypselaementioning

confidence: 99%

Seed dormancy in Asteraceae: a global vegetation zone and taxonomic/phylogenetic assessment

Baskin

2023

Seed Sci. Res.

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The Asteraceae with up to 30,000 species occurs on all continents except Antarctica and in all major vegetation zones on earth. Our primary aim was to consider cypselae dormancy-break and germination of Asteraceae in relation to ecology, vegetation zones and evolution. Cypselae are desiccation-tolerant and in various tribes, genera, species and life forms of Asteraceae are either non-dormant (ND) or have non-deep physiological dormancy (PD) at maturity. All six types of non-deep PD are found among the Asteraceae, and dormancy is broken by cold or warm stratification or by afterripening. Soil cypselae banks may be formed but mostly are short-lived. Much within-species variation in dormancy-break and germination has been found. Using data compiled for 1192 species in 373 genera and 35 tribes of Asteraceae, we considered ND and PD in relation to life form, vegetation zone and tribe. Senecioneae and Astereae had the best representation across the vegetation zones on earth. In evergreen and semi-evergreen rainforests, more species have ND than PD, but in all other vegetation zones, except alpine/high-latitude tundra (where ND and PD are equal), more species have PD than ND. Tribes in the basal and central grades and those in the Heliantheae Alliance have both ND and PD. The high diversity and lability of non-deep PD may have enhanced the rate of species diversification by promoting the survival of new species and/or species in new habitats that became available following globally disruptive events since the origin of the Asteraceae in the Late Cretaceous.

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“…Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal is a biennial or a short-lived perennial plant that is native to North America [ 1 ]. Its range comprises the central prairie and plains regions of southern Minnesota and South Dakota, Wyoming, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas [ 8 ]. American Indians have used Grindelia flowers and leaves for treating colds, coughs, bronchitis, and asthma (Crow, Flathead, Paiute, Shoshoni, and Ute).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Immunomodulatory Activity of (−)-Borneol, a Major Component of Essential Oils Extracted from Grindelia squarrosa

Schepetkin

Özek

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal is used in traditional medicine for treating various diseases; however, little is known about the immunomodulatory activity of essential oils from this plant. Thus, we isolated essential oils from the flowers (GEOFl) and leaves (GEOLv) of G. squarrosa and evaluated the chemical composition and innate immunomodulatory activity of these essential oils. Compositional analysis of these essential oils revealed that the main components were α-pinene (24.7 and 23.2% in GEOFl and GEOLv, respectively), limonene (10.0 and 14.7%), borneol (23.4 and 16.6%), p-cymen-8-ol (6.1 and 5.8%), β-pinene (4.0 and 3.8%), bornyl acetate (3.0 and 5.1%), trans-pinocarveol (4.2 and 3.7%), spathulenol (3.0 and 2.0%), myrtenol (2.5 and 1.7%), and terpinolene (1.7 and 2.0%). Enantiomer analysis showed that α-pinene, β-pinene, and borneol were present primarily as (−)-enantiomers (100% enantiomeric excess (ee) for (−)-α-pinene and (−)-borneol in both GEOFl and GEOLv; 82 and 78% ee for (−)-β-pinene in GEOFl and GEOLv), while limonene was present primarily as the (+)-enantiomer (94 and 96 ee in GEOFl and GEOLv). Grindelia essential oils activated human neutrophils, resulting in increased [Ca2+]i (EC50 = 22.3 µg/mL for GEOFl and 19.4 µg/mL for GEOLv). In addition, one of the major enantiomeric components, (−)-borneol, activated human neutrophil [Ca2+]i (EC50 = 28.7 ± 2.6), whereas (+)-borneol was inactive. Since these treatments activated neutrophils, we also evaluated if they were able to down-regulate neutrophil responses to subsequent agonist activation and found that treatment with Grindelia essential oils inhibited activation of these cells by the N-formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) agonist fMLF and the FPR2 agonist WKYMVM. Likewise, (−)-borneol inhibited FPR-agonist-induced Ca2+ influx in neutrophils. Grindelia leaf and flower essential oils, as well as (−)-borneol, also inhibited fMLF-induced chemotaxis of human neutrophils (IC50 = 4.1 ± 0.8 µg/mL, 5.0 ± 1.6 µg/mL, and 5.8 ± 1.4 µM, respectively). Thus, we identified (−)-borneol as a novel modulator of human neutrophil function.

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First observation of true vivipary in Grindelia squarrosa (Asteraceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Non-viviparous pre-dispersal seed germination in Amaranthaceae in the cold deserts of Central Asia

Non-viviparous pre-dispersal seed germination in Amaranthaceae in the cold deserts of Central Asia

Seed dormancy in Asteraceae: a global vegetation zone and taxonomic/phylogenetic assessment

Neutrophil Immunomodulatory Activity of (−)-Borneol, a Major Component of Essential Oils Extracted from Grindelia squarrosa

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