For most of the nineteenth century, British travelers would recognize at a glance the red binding and gold lettering of John Murray's Handbooks for Travellers. His travel guidebooks, which set the standard for later serialized guides like those equally vivid Baedekers that E. M. Forster and others would gently mock at the turn of the century, were uniform in appearance, authoritative in scope, and deliberately linked to their creator's name. These qualities served to set "Murrays" apart as a print form that provided clarity, consistency, and stability in the face of a globalizing and more accessible world. Murray popularized and demarcated a genre that was at the very least amorphous at the time of his publication. Whereas previous travelogues, even those that included route or lodging suggestions, were often one-off endeavors written in narrative form, Murray's Handbooks were the predecessors of modern-day travel guides series like Lonely Planet, Fodor's, or Frommer's.British travel was changing in the early decades of the nineteenth century, in part because of the rapidly expanding middle class, and Murray's Handbooks, designed for the-in his words-"intelligent English traveller," responded to these changes and sold well as a result. The first Handbook for Travellers was published the year Victoria inherited the throne. For the duration of her reign, John Murray's guidebook series went through many editions and expanded to cover territory spanning the individual counties of England and distant places like Japan, Syria, and Russia. By mid-century, which also coincided with the English-language publication of the German Baedeker guides and the expansion of Thomas Cook tours, the Handbooks were especially popular. Murray's claim that the information in their covers detailed "what ought to be seen" truly translated to what was seen in this period: Goodwin and Johnston's exploration of reviews of the Handbooks proves that "they were critically validated as forming and imposing a par- [44.224.250.200] Project MUSE (2024-06-04 02:06 GMT)