While synthesizing quasi-one-dimensional nanoribbons, there is a finite probability that edges have cove-edge defects. Further, the electronic properties of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials can be tailored via the cove-edge which can be deployed for ultrascaled nanodevices. Using density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF), the structural, electrical, and transport features of cove-edge aluminum nitride nanoribbons (AlNNR) are investigated. The impact of the cove-edge on prospective ultra-scaled device applications is investigated on the nitrogen (N), aluminum (Al), and both edges. Unlike the semiconducting zigzag AlNNRs, the cove-edge AlNNRs are structurally stable and metallic. In partial edge hydrogenated cove-edged AlNNR-based nanodevices with two terminals, a negative differential resistance (NDR) in the order of 107 is observed. These findings suggest that cove-edge AlNNR could be used in future nanoelectronics applications such as resonant tunnel diodes (RTDs), memory, and switches.