First principles model of carbonate compaction creep

Keszthelyi, Dániel; Dysthe, Dag Kristian; Jamtveit, Bjørn

doi:10.1002/2015jb012481

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…At sites of raised pressure, the reactivity level increases locally and enables dissolution even in transport‐limited regimes in tight cracks and pore spaces (Schott et al, ). Locally increased chemical potential gradients have been associated with stressed grain contacts, high dislocation density, or an increase in the number of active surface sites (Keszthelyi et al, ; Laanait et al, ; Schott et al, ). Precipitation or sintering, on the other hand, may be associated with localized decreases in mechanical stress, lower partial pressure, and thus an oversaturation of the fluid (Dove et al, ; Schott et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical Crack Growth and Progressive Failure in Carrara Marble Under Wet and Dry Conditions

2018

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Our concept of progressive rock slope failures is on the one hand embedded in aggregated subcritical crack growth mechanisms and on the other sensitive to environmental conditions, especially water. To anticipate failure dynamics in rock slopes, it is a key requirement to reveal the influence of water on subcritical crack growth mechanisms and material properties. We present experimental data on the time-dependent deformation of an exemplary rock, Carrara marble. We employed inverted single-edge notch bending creep tests on large Carrara marble samples to mimic an open joint system with controlled water supply. Constant stress was applied in two steps approaching 22-85% of a previously determined critical baseline stress. Introducing calcite-saturated water to subcritical stressed samples caused an immediate increase in strain by up to an order of magnitude. Time-dependent accumulation of inelastic damage at the notch tip occurred in wet and dry samples at all load levels. Subcritical crack growth and the evolution of localized intergranular fractures are enhanced if water is present and readily approach tertiary creep when loaded above 80%. The immediate strain response is attributed to the reduction of surface energy and diffusion of the water into the rock. The resultant more compliant and weaker rheology can even turn the subcritical stress into a critical state. Over time, subcritical and chemically enhanced mechanisms progressively alter especially grain boundaries, which become the key controls of progressive failure in Carrara marble. 1986; Withers, 2015; Figure 1b). These intermittent stress-dependent dynamics lead to a local competition VOIGTLÄNDER ET AL. 3780

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical Crack Growth and Progressive Failure in Carrara Marble Under Wet and Dry Conditions

2018

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“…(Rutter 1976)] where ̇e is strain rate, B a dimensionless constant, D is grain boundary diffusion coefficient, c is concentration of solute in grain boundary (mol/m 3 ), w is grain boundary width, R the gas constant and d the grain size. The constant B depends on microstructural details such as porosity (Keszthelyi et al 2016) and grain shape (Wheeler 2010), but what matters here is that the flow law predicts n = 1 and p = 3.…”

Section: Pressure Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unifying basis for the interplay of stress and chemical processes in the Earth: support from diverse experiments

Wheeler

2020

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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The interplay between stress and chemical processes is a fundamental aspect of how rocks evolve, relevant for understanding fracturing due to metamorphic volume change, deformation by pressure solution and diffusion creep, and the effects of stress on mineral reactions in crust and mantle. There is no agreed microscale theory for how stress and chemistry interact, so here I review support from eight different types of the experiment for a relationship between stress and chemistry which is specific to individual interfaces: (chemical potential) = (Helmholtz free energy) + (normal stress at interface) × (molar volume). The experiments encompass temperatures from -100 to 1300 degrees C and pressures from 1 bar to 1.8 GPa. The equation applies to boundaries with fluid and to incoherent solid–solid boundaries. It is broadly in accord with experiments that describe the behaviours of free and stressed crystal faces next to solutions, that document flow laws for pressure solution and diffusion creep, that address polymorphic transformations under stress, and that investigate volume changes in solid-state reactions. The accord is not in all cases quantitative, but the equation is still used to assist the explanation. An implication is that the chemical potential varies depending on the interface, so there is no unique driving force for reaction in stressed systems. Instead, the overall evolution will be determined by combinations of reaction pathways and kinetic factors. The equation described here should be a foundation for grain-scale models, which are a prerequisite for predicting larger scale Earth behaviour when stress and chemical processes interact. It is relevant for all depths in the Earth from the uppermost crust (pressure solution in basin compaction, creep on faults), reactive fluid flow systems (serpentinisation), the deeper crust (orogenic metamorphism), the upper mantle (diffusion creep), the transition zone (phase changes in stressed subducting slabs) to the lower mantle and core mantle boundary (diffusion creep).

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“…(Rutter 1976)) where 𝑒̇ is strain rate, B a dimensionless constant, D is grain boundary diffusion coefficient, c is concentration of solute in grain boundary (mol/m 3 ), w is grain boundary width, R the gas constant and d the grain size. The constant B depends on microstructural details such as porosity (Keszthelyi et al 2016) and grain shape (Wheeler 2010), but what matters here is that the flow law predicts n = 1 and p = 3.…”

Section: Eqnmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unifying basis for the interplay of stress and chemical processes in the Earth: support from diverse experiments

Wheeler¹

2020

Preprint

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The Earth is under stress on all scales from individual grains to the entire crust and mantle. Mineral reactions, including pressure solution and diffusion creep, occur in that context. Whilst the effect of pressure on mineral reactions is understood through well established thermodynamics, the effect of stress on mineral reactions is not. Here I show that a particular equation linking stress and chemistry underpins the interpretations of diverse experiments from the last 80 years. Consequently I suggest it may provide a unifying basis to explain and quantify many significant but incompletely understood phenomena in which reactions interact with stress in the Earth.

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First principles model of carbonate compaction creep

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Subcritical Crack Growth and Progressive Failure in Carrara Marble Under Wet and Dry Conditions

Subcritical Crack Growth and Progressive Failure in Carrara Marble Under Wet and Dry Conditions

A unifying basis for the interplay of stress and chemical processes in the Earth: support from diverse experiments

A unifying basis for the interplay of stress and chemical processes in the Earth: support from diverse experiments

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