First-principles study of alkali metal-graphite intercalation compounds

Nobuhara, Katsuya; Nakayama, Hideki; Nose, Masafumi; Nakanishi, Shinji; Iba, Hideki

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.057

Cited by 380 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[270][271][272][273] For instance, in a comparative study on alkali metal (Li, Na, and K) intercalation into graphite by Okamoto, [ 272 ] the formation of LiC 6 and KC 8 showed a positive intercalation potential, whereas the formation of either NaC 6 and NaC 8 was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable. Although the underlying reason of this phenomenon remains unclear to date, the reason for unstable stage 1 Na-GIC is attributed to (i) the high redox potential of Na + /Na, resulting in the precipitation of metallic Na before Na intercalation; [ 272 ] (ii) the large elongation of C-C bond lengths in Na-GICs; [ 271 ] and (iii) the low binding energy between the carbon and Na layer. [ 270 ] As the utilization of pristine graphite as an anode for NIBs failed, non-graphitic carbon materials (i.e., hard carbon, soft carbon, and amorphous carbon) have been extensively investigated as alternatives.…”

Section: Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

884

595

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Grid‐scale energy storage systems (ESSs) that can connect to sustainable energy resources have received great attention in an effort to satisfy ever‐growing energy demands. Although recent advances in Li‐ion battery (LIB) technology have increased the energy density to a level applicable to grid‐scale ESSs, the high cost of Li and transition metals have led to a search for lower‐cost battery system alternatives. Based on the abundance and accessibility of Na and its similar electrochemistry to the well‐established LIB technology, Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) have attracted significant attention as an ideal candidate for grid‐scale ESSs. Since research on NIB chemistry resurged in 2010, various positive and negative electrode materials have been synthesized and evaluated for NIBs. Nonetheless, studies on NIB chemistry are still in their infancy compared with LIB technology, and further improvements are required in terms of energy, power density, and electrochemical stability for commercialization. Most recent progress on electrode materials for NIBs, including the discovery of new electrode materials and their Na storage mechanisms, is briefly reviewed. In addition, efforts to enhance the electrochemical properties of NIB electrode materials as well as the challenges and perspectives involving these materials are discussed.

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Section: Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

884

595

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3, the cells start to show good electrochemical performance in terms of cycling stability as well as coulombic efficiency (≥ 90 %, ≥ 85 % for NaClO 4 in PC electrolyte) after 20 discharge-charge cycles. However, during the initial cycles (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), these electrochemical parameters, particularly the capacity retention, were much lower.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performance Of Sgl/cu Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the sodium graphite intercalation compounds (NaC x with x = 36, 16,12,8,6) are unstable [9]. In fact, they do not exist under moderate conditions, which was reported to be a consequence of the clash between the graphite structure (graphite is stressed when some Na + ions intercalate into it) and the size of the Na + ion (its ionic radius is approximately 0.3 Å larger than that of Li + ion, this difference leading to changes in thermodynamic and kinetic properties) [9,10]. Therefore, efforts have been focused on the identification of other host carbon materials to achieve a successful reversible intercalation/insertion of the larger Na + anions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is single layer graphene a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries?

Ramos

Cameán

Cuesta

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…For example, intercalation compounds of the formula NaC 64 were obtained in low current density experiments for electrochemical intercalation of Na + in graphite [14], amounting to a reversible capacity ~35 mA h g -1 , which contrasts with the stage-I graphite intercalation compound, LiC 6 , attained for Li + ions (theoretical capacity of 372 mA h g -1 ). This limitation is partly due to the ionic radius of Na + , which is ~0.3 Å larger than Li + , as well as the stressed induced in the graphite structure when Na + ions are intercalated [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded graphitic materials prepared from micro- and nanometric precursors as anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Ramos

Cameán

Cuesta

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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A series of expanded graphitic materials are prepared from two different precursors: micrometric synthetic graphite and graphitized carbon nanofibers, and tested as anodes for sodium-ion batteries. The materials preparation involves the oxidation of the precursors followed by partial thermal reduction. Overall, the expanded synthetic graphite materials show better electrochemical performance as anode than the expanded graphite nanofibers, providing higher specific capacity, leading to lower capacity losses in the first charge-discharge cycle and exhibiting outstanding cycling stability. Specific capacities of ~150 mA h g -1 at 37 mA g -1 and ~110 mA h g -1 at 100 mA g -1 are attained, and up to 50 % of initial capacity at 19 mA g -1 is kept at 372 mA g -1. Unexpectedly, higher capacity losses are measured for the nanostructured electrodes by progressively increasing the current density. These differences are attributed to the lower surface area and porosity of expanded synthetic graphite materials which favors the formation of thinner and more stable SEI, thus reducing the electrode resistance and enhancing Na + ions accessibility to surface oxygen groups with the consequent increase of the surface capacity which was found to be the main contribution to the total specific capacity.

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First-principles study of alkali metal-graphite intercalation compounds

Cited by 380 publications

References 14 publications

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Is single layer graphene a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries?

Expanded graphitic materials prepared from micro- and nanometric precursors as anodes for sodium-ion batteries

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