First protozoan coral-killer identified in the Indo-Pacific

Antonius, Arnfried; Lipscomb, Diana

doi:10.5479/si.00775630.481.

Cited by 52 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Skeleton eroding band (SEB) disease was first documented in 1988 in Papua New Guinea (Antonius & Lipscomb 2000). SEB has since been observed in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.…”

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Denuded skeleton is flecked with tiny black spots composed of clusters of empty loricae, a characteristic that clearly distinguishes SEB from BBD, which leaves behind bright white skeleton (Antonius & Lipscomb 2000).…”

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEB can be directly transmitted from a diseased colony to a healthy colony only via direct physical contact. Attempts to transmit the disease via seawater in enclosed aquaria were unsuccessful (Antonius & Lipscomb 2000).…”

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Koch's postulates have not been fulfilled, SEB is believed to be caused by the protozoan Halofolliculina corallasia ( Table 4). SEB affects 24 Indo-Pacific scleractinian species (Table 3; Antonius & Lipscomb 2000).…”

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEB advances across a coral by asexually producing migratory larval stages that move ahead of the band in masses and locate a site to settle and secrete loricae. A combination of chemicals associated with production of pseudochitinous loricae, and drilling of loricae into coral skeleton, result in skeletal erosion and tissue death (Antonius & Lipscomb 2000).…”

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals

Sutherland¹,

Porter²,

Torres³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

499

509

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Since the mid-1990s, coral diseases have increased in number, species affected, and geographic extent. To date, 18 coral diseases, affecting at least 150 scleractinian, gorgonian, and hydrozoan zooxanthellate species, have been described from the Caribbean and the Indo-Pacific. These diseases are associated with pathogens including bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and protists and with abiotic stressors including elevated seawater temperature, sedimentation, eutrophication, and pollution. Etiologies of only 5 of the 18 coral diseases have been determined through fulfillment of Koch's postulates. Corals and other invertebrates utilize innate immune mechanisms including physiochemical barriers and cellular and humoral defenses against pathogens. Here we review the described coral diseases, known etiologies, and efforts to determine unknown etiologies. We define disease terms, discuss the limitations of Koch's postulates, describe alternative techniques for identifying disease-causing organisms, and review coral immunology.

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Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeleton Eroding Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals

Sutherland¹,

Porter²,

Torres³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

499

509

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Biotische Korallenkrankheiten: Pathogene häufig unbekannt, Folgen verheerend, Therapien gesucht

Combosch

Schuhmacher

2005

Biologie in unserer Zeit

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Korallenkrankheiten stellen, nach Eutrophierung und Sedimentation, eine der Hauptursachen für den weltweiten, dramatischen Niedergang von Korallenriffen dar. Die massiven Auswirkungen zeigen sich dabei besonders deutlich, wenn die betroffene Region stark von menschlichen Aktivitäten beeinflusst wird, wie beispielsweise in der Karibik. Dort stehen früher dominante ökologische Schlüsselarten inzwischen auf der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten und es kommt zu regelrechten Epidemien. Bei vielen Krankheiten ist der verantwortliche Krankheitserreger noch vollkommen unbekannt, Therapien gibt es deshalb nicht. Ohne eine umfassende Verbesserung der globalen Meerwasser‐Qualität und einschneidenden Maßnahmen gegen den globalen Klimawandel wird deshalb auch der beste, lokale Küstenschutz den weiteren Verlust wertvoller Korallenriffe nicht aufhalten können.

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Antimicrobial activity of coral‐associated beneficial bacteria against coral disease‐causing microbial pathogens

Irudayarajan,

Ravindran,

Raveendran

2023

J Basic Microbiol

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Microbial infection of immune‐compromised corals influences disease severity, resulting in coral mortality. However, coral‐associated beneficial bacteria are known to produce antimicrobial compounds that prevent the growth of potential pathogens and invading microbes. Hence, beneficial bacteria associated with coral Porites lutea were isolated and antimicrobial protein and bioactive secondary metabolites were extracted and tested for their antimicrobial activity against putative prokaryotic and eukaryotic coral pathogens. Bioactive secondary metabolites exhibited remarkable antagonism against various coral pathogens such as Serratia marcescens, Vibrio species, and Aspergillus sydowii. Besides, the metabolites of Cobetia marina, Cobetia amphilecti, Pseudoalteromonas neustonica, and Virgibacillus halodenitrificans manifested notable inhibition against the protozoan ciliates (Uronema marinum, Holosticha diademata, Cohnilembus verminus, and Euplotes vannus) and zooplankton that are known to be involved in the secondary pathogenesis in coral diseased lesion progression. Thus, the present study may benefit in understanding coral‐associated beneficial bacteria for their antagonistic interactions with microbial pathogens, as well as their potential involvement in reducing coral disease severity.

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First protozoan coral-killer identified in the Indo-Pacific

Cited by 52 publications

References 26 publications

Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals

Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals

Biotische Korallenkrankheiten: Pathogene häufig unbekannt, Folgen verheerend, Therapien gesucht

Antimicrobial activity of coral‐associated beneficial bacteria against coral disease‐causing microbial pathogens

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