First record of Bursaphelenchus rainulfi on pine trees from eastern China and its phylogenetic relationship with intro-genus species

Bursaphelenchus populi sp. n. is described from dying and dead aspen trees, Populus tremula, in Poland. The nematode was found in trees infested with a long-horn beetle, Saperda perforata, and is vectored in the insect haemocoel. The characteristic morphology of male spicules, extended anterior vulval lip, lateral fields with four incisures, and number and arrangement of male caudal papillae, place B. populi sp. n. in the xylophilus group. Bursaphelenchus populi sp. n. can be separated from all other species in that group by the distinctive vulval flap, which is always bent with its distal half sunken in a conspicuous, sharp depression posterior to the vulva, and other morphological and morphometric characters, i.e., female tail shape, excretory pore position, spicule length (32.1 (25.7-37.0) μm (as measured along arc) and shape, and a relatively long (i.e., L = 1020 (909-1111) μm in females), and L = 850 (756-1055) μm in males), and slender body (a = 45.4 (40.2-52.4) and 42.0 (36.1-49.3) in female and male, respectively). The status of the new species is confirmed by the unique molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP). DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA region placed the new species close to B. fraudulentus in the xylophilus group. In vitro cross-breeding of the new nematode with B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus, B. fraudulentus and B. doui revealed full reproductive incompatibility between these species. In laboratory experiments on 2-year-old seedlings B. populi sp. n. was specific to aspen. It did not develop on pine or oak and reproduced only in weakened or dead aspen seedlings. No pathogenicity to the tree host or vector insect was observed. In Botrytis cinerea PDA cultures, body dimensions were significantly altered in both sexes and female tail morphology differed when compared to individuals extracted from aspen wood.

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Description of Bursaphelenchus populi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), a new member of the xylophilus group from aspen, Populus tremula L., in Europe

Tomalak

Filipiak

2010

Nematol

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Bursaphelenchus trypophloei sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) – an associate of the bark beetle, Trypophloeus asperatus (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in aspen, Populus tremula L.

Tomalak

Filipiak

2011

Nematol

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Bursaphelenchus trypophloei sp. n. is described from weakened and dead twigs of living or recently fallen aspen trees, Populus tremula, in Poland. All propagative stages of the nematode were present in larval galleries of a bark beetle, Trypophloeus asperatus, and its dauer juveniles could be found in the haemocoel of older larvae, pupae and adult beetles. Characteristic morphology of the male spicules with distinct cucullus, extended anterior vulval lip, lateral fields with four incisures, and number and arrangement of male caudal papillae indicate that B. trypophloei sp. n. is closely related to the xylophilus group. This relation has been further confirmed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 28S and ITS-1 rDNA region. Bursaphelenchus trypophloei sp. n. can be separated from other species in the xylophilus group by the morphology of spicules which have a shorter capitulum and unique rostrum which is pointed somewhat anteriorly, relatively thick vulval flap, which is straight, parallel to the body long axis or bent towards the body wall at its distal end, and other morphological and morphometric characters, i.e., shape of female tail, position of excretory pore at or posterior to nerve ring, spicule length of 25.7 (23.1-28.0) μm (as measured along arc) and shape, moderate length, i.e., L = 702 (603-946) μm in females and L = 679 (543-828) μm in males, and slender body (a = 39.2 (33.0-45.2) and 40.9 (32.0-46.4) in female and male, respectively). The taxonomic separation of the new species is also confirmed by the unique molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP). Full reproductive incompatibility of B. trypophloei sp. n. with B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus, B. fraudulentus, B. populi and B. doui has been demonstrated in in vitro diallelic cross-breeding. The newly described nematode revealed limited ability to develop and reproduce on Botrytis cinerea cultures although it produced large populations on laboratory cultures of Cytospora chrysosperma -a fungus naturally associated with galleries of the nematode vector, T. asperatus.

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Bursaphelenchus masseyi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) – a nematode associate of the bark beetle, Trypophloeus populi Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. affected by sudden aspen decline in Colorado

Tomalak

Worrall

Filipiak

2013

Nematol

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Bursaphelenchus masseyi sp. n. is described from trunks of unhealthy trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides, affected by sudden aspen decline (SAD) in Colorado, USA. All propagative stages of the nematode were present in larval galleries of a bark beetle, Trypophloeus populi. The dauer juveniles occupy the haemocoel of older larvae, pupae and adult beetles. The characteristic morphology of the male spicules with small but distinct cucullus, extended anterior vulval lip in female, lateral fields with four incisures, and number and arrangement of male caudal papillae, indicate that B. masseyi sp. n. is closely related to the xylophilus group. This relation has been confirmed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA region. The new species is characterised by the body length of 958 (765-1203) μm in female and 874 (691-1122) μm in male, moderately slender body (a = 38.2 (33.5-41.1) and 38.0 (33.1-44.1) in female and male, respectively), and spicules 29.2 (26.2-34.7) μm long with a small cucullus (1.3-1.5 μm in diam.) at their tips. Bursaphelenchus masseyi sp. n. can be separated from other species in the xylophilus group by the morphology of spicules which have a short capitulum and unique rostrum that is pointed somewhat anteriorly, relatively thick vulval flap, which is straight, parallel to the body long axis and bent towards the body wall at its distal end, and other morphological and morphometric characters. The new species most closely resembles B. trypophloei, but differs by the morphology of spicules (short but distinct condylus vs condylus in a continuous line with dorsal lamina, and smaller cucullus). The taxonomic separation of the new species is also confirmed by the unique molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP). Diallelic cross-breeding in vitro revealed also that B. masseyi sp. n. and B. trypophloei are reproductively incompatible. The new species showed poor ability to develop and reproduce on Botrytis cinerea cultures, although it grew vigorously on laboratory cultures of Polish and Colorado isolates of Cytospora chrysosperma, the fungus naturally associated with galleries of the nematode vector, T. populi.

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First record of Bursaphelenchus rainulfi on pine trees from eastern China and its phylogenetic relationship with intro-genus species

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Description of Bursaphelenchus populi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), a new member of the xylophilus group from aspen, Populus tremula L., in Europe

Description of Bursaphelenchus populi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), a new member of the xylophilus group from aspen, Populus tremula L., in Europe

Bursaphelenchus trypophloei sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) – an associate of the bark beetle, Trypophloeus asperatus (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in aspen, Populus tremula L.

Bursaphelenchus masseyi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) – a nematode associate of the bark beetle, Trypophloeus populi Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. affected by sudden aspen decline in Colorado

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