“…Although Cybocephalus nipponicus is native to Southeast Asia and the South Pacific (Endrödy-Younga, 1971; Tian, 2006), it has been recently introduced and dispersed in many countries. This biological control agent has been intentionally introduced to Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, South Africa and the United States (Smith & Cave, 2006;Smith & Bailey, 2007;Song et al, 2012;Labuschagne et al, 1996), but it seems to have accidentally dispersed in the Hawaiian Islands (Ewing, 2004), as well as in Europe, Italy (Lupi, 2002), Hungary (Merkl et al, 2017), Spain (Viñolas et al, 2017) and Romania (Pintilioaie & Mate, 2023). The introduction pathway of this species in Iran is not clear but due to its distribution in the Middle East, it is likely it has passively reached Iran with armoured scale on imported plants from East Asia, subsequently spreading with the host plants of the scale insects.…”