First record of the exotic spitting spider<i>Scytodes fusca</i>(Araneae, Scytodidae) in Central Europe from Germany and Slovakia

Šestáková, Anna; Černecká, Ľudmila; Neumann, Jonathan; Reiser, Nils

doi:10.5431/aramit4701

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, these installations that import tropical plants by the container, can provide rather stable island habitats in an otherwise less suitable environment for tropical species (e.g., Holzapfel 1932;Koponen 1990Koponen , 1997. The Tropical World in Leeds, UK (Wilson 2011) and the Tropical Island near Berlin, Germany (Reiser 2013;Š estáková et al 2014) or the Biodôme de Montréal, Canada (Paquin et al 2008) indicate that it is still not possible to fill such buildings with plants without importing at the same time a series of alien spiders.…”

Section: Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Generally, establishment probability is higher for species from areas with a climate similar to Europe, but also an adaptation to specific microclimate conditions can offer an advantage. Alternatively, many species from seemingly unsuitable climates find suitable climatic niches in Europe, especially in hothouses of Botanical Gardens and Zoos, or inside normal buildings (e.g., Holzapfel 1932;Gabriel 2010;Š estáková et al 2014). Thaler-Knoflach (2010) estimated that two-thirds of all alien spider species introduced to Central Europe live synanthropically.…”

Section: Introduction Establishment and Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction, establishment rate, pathways and impact of spiders alien to Europe

Nentwig

2015

Biol Invasions

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A comprehensive analysis of spiders reported as alien for Europe over the last 200 years has yielded information for 184 spider species, which had been introduced at least once. The most common spider families are Theridiidae (27 species), Pholcidae (15), Salticidae (14), Sparassidae (14), Ctenidae (14), and Theraphosidae (13) but overall establishment rate was only 28 %. No ctenids or theraphosids established, and only one sparassid species, but many theridiids and pholcids. Most introduced species originated from South (34 %), Central (10 %) or North (12 %), America, Asia (19 %) and Africa (15 %). Only few of the South and Central American species could establish, while species from North America (36 %) and Asia (63 %) had much higher establishment rates. Over the last 200 years, introduction and establishment rates have been strongly increasing. Three pathways are responsible for the majority of introductions: fruit shipments (67 % of all cases), potted plants (16 %) and containers or packaging material (12 %). In contrast to fruit shipments, spiders introduced on plants or with containers have high establishment rates (65 and 47 %). Environmental impact of alien spiders can be expected on both insects (through predation) and spiders (through predation and competition), potentially leading to change of species composition and guild structure. Socio-economic impact includes

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Section: Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introduction Establishment and Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction, establishment rate, pathways and impact of spiders alien to Europe

Nentwig

2015

Biol Invasions

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“…It has also been introduced to presumably less suitable regions, such as the Nearctic (Paquin et al 2008) and Palaearctic (Wang et al 1985, Ono 2009, Cardoso 2011), although it appears restricted to botanical gardens (Brignoli 1976) and similar artificial tropical ecosystems (Paquin et al 2008). For example, Šestáková et al (2014) found S. fusca inhabiting two Central Europe localities, within the botanical garden (a heated greenhouse with high humidity) in Bratislava, Slovakia, and in the ‘Tropical Islands' (a tropical holiday resort) in Krausnick, Germany. They postulated that this tropical species had probably been introduced along with imported plants (Šestáková et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Šestáková et al (2014) found S. fusca inhabiting two Central Europe localities, within the botanical garden (a heated greenhouse with high humidity) in Bratislava, Slovakia, and in the ‘Tropical Islands' (a tropical holiday resort) in Krausnick, Germany. They postulated that this tropical species had probably been introduced along with imported plants (Šestáková et al 2014). The description of S. fusca was originally based on French Guianan specimens (Walckenaer 1837, Valerio 1981, Brescovit and Rheims 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global expansion of a solitary‐social tropical spitting spider shaped by multiple long‐distance dispersals

Luo

2023

Ecography

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The spitting spider Scytodes fusca is a species complex well known for its unusual hunting technique which involves spitting a venomous sticky silken substance over its prey. Previous studies supposed that S. fusca was native to Central and South America but had expanded to the tropics of almost every continent. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for this spider followed by a secondary dispersal to other regions, and to discuss how population expansion occurring in the tropics was driven. We investigated the population structure and spatiotemporal biogeography of the species complex through the culmination of 22 years of comprehensive global sampling using the mitochondrial and nuclear loci (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S, H3 and ITS2). The S. fusca species complex is divided into two clades. One clade comprises the haplotypes from Australasian regions and a haplotype from Baja Peninsula, Mexico. The other is composed of the haplotypes from all analyzed regions including Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. Populations from the Americas and Madagascar exhibit a lower genetic diversity compared with the Australasian population, and both have different population demographic histories. The initial divergence within the species complex started during the early Miocene. Diversifications of both clades occurred during the late Miocene. One haplotype was recently and widely dispersed into Southeast Asia, South Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. Our results elucidate the history of the global spread of the S. fusca species complex, suggesting a Malay Archipelago origin, two expansion routes and its multiple dispersals into the Americas. These stem from a common native source population, as well as from Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia or Turks and Caicos bridgeheads. Our data support the view that the expansion of the S. fusca species complex from Australasia to America and Madagascar was facilitated by long-distance jump dispersal events.

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“…Three endemic spiders have so far been described from this ecosystem: Agraecina cristiani (Georgescu, 1989), Hahnia caeca (Georgescu & Sarbu, 1992) and Lep thy phantes constantinescui Georgescu, 1989. Movile Cave also hosts a very interesting population of Carniella brignolii Thaler & Steinberger, 1988, which has adaptations for the subterranean environment (Nae 2012), unlike the populations found outside caves in Central and Western Europe (Thaler-Knoflach et al 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kryptonesticus georgescuae spec. nov. from Movile Cave, Romania (Araneae: Nesticidae)

Nae

Sarbu

Weiss³

2018

Arachnologische Mitteilungen

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First record of the exotic spitting spiderScytodes fusca(Araneae, Scytodidae) in Central Europe from Germany and Slovakia

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Introduction, establishment rate, pathways and impact of spiders alien to Europe

Introduction, establishment rate, pathways and impact of spiders alien to Europe

Global expansion of a solitary‐social tropical spitting spider shaped by multiple long‐distance dispersals

Kryptonesticus georgescuae spec. nov. from Movile Cave, Romania (Araneae: Nesticidae)

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