First record of the Granulate Ambrosia Beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in the Iberian Peninsula

Gallego, Diego; Lencina, José Luís; Mas, Hugo; Ceveró, Julia; Faccoli, Massimo

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4273.3.7

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In particular, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) comprise two of the most destructive ambrosia beetles of trees growing in ornamental nurseries and tree fruit orchards (Agnello et al ., ; Ranger et al ., ). Both X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to southeast Asia and have become established around the world, including parts of North America, South America, Africa, Europe and Oceania (Rassati et al ., ; Gallego et al ., ; Landi, ; Gomez et al ., ; CABI, , b; Kavčič, ). Adult females of X. crassiusculus and X. germanus tunnel into the heartwood of host trees, where they cultivate fungal gardens of Ambrosiella roeperi T.C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

Ranger

Schultz

Frank

et al. 2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 A broad host range and the utilization of living but weakened trees contribute, in part, to the invasion success of ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The present study assessed the capability of freeze stress to induce attacks by ambrosia beetles. 2 Freeze stress predisposed Cercis canadensis L., Cornus florida L., Malus pumilaMill. and Styrax japonicus Sieb. to attack under field conditions, although no attacks occurred on untreated trees. More attacks occurred on freeze-stressed versus flood-stressed M. pumila in Virginia but not for S. japonicus in Ohio. Attacks on flooded trees were skewed towards the base of the trunk, whereas attacks on freeze-stressed trees mainly occurred around the upper regions of the trunk and into the branches. The predominant species recovered were Anisandrus maiche Stark and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) in Ohio, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) in Virginia. 3 Ethanol emissions from trunks of S. japonicus were detected by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at 1 day after imposing freeze stress, peaking 4 days after injury. 4 Trees with an intolerance of freeze stress are predicted to be vulnerable to attack, especially when subjected to mild winter temperatures followed by late-spring freezes. Freeze stress could thereby facilitate the destructiveness of exotic ambrosia beetles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

Ranger

Schultz

Frank

et al. 2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Taxonomic keys based on morphological characters of adults are available for Xylosandrus identification (Dole and Cognato 2010 ; Gallego et al 2017 ; Garonna et al 2012 ; Francardi et al 2017 ), but their use may be complex as it requires a specific entomological expertise; for the larvae, identification based on morphological characters can be also difficult due to the lack of suitable keys. Therefore, the possibility of using a molecular method to univocally identify the species could be a functional tool in the operative practice, especially in areas where the insect has not been yet detected or in the niches where other Xylosandrus species can overlap their distribution (Francardi et al 2017 ; Contarini et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaqMan probe assays on different biological samples for the identification of three ambrosia beetle species, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichoff), X. crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and X. germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)

Rizzo¹,

Lio

Bartolini³

et al. 2021

3 Biotech

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Molecular assays based on qPCR TaqMan Probes were developed to identify three species of the genus Xylosandrus, X. compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae). These ambrosia beetles are xylophagous species alien to Europe, causing damages to many ornamental and fruiting trees as well as shrubs. DNA extraction was carried out from adults, larvae and biological samples derived from insect damages on infested plants. For X. compactus, segments of galleries in thin infested twigs were cut and processed; in the case of X. crassiusculus, raw frass extruded from exit holes was used, while DNA of X. germanus was extracted from small wood chips removed around insect exit holes. The assays were inclusive for the target species and exclusive for all the non-target species tested. The LoD was 3.2 pg/µL for the frass of X. crassiusculus and 0.016 ng/µL for the woody matrices of the other two species. Both repeatability and reproducibility were estimated on adults and woody samples, showing very low values ranging between 0.00 and 4.11. Thus, the proposed diagnostic assays resulted to be very efficient also on the woody matrices used for DNA extraction, demonstrating the applicability of the protocol in the absence of dead specimens or living stages.

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“…The only previously documented ambrosia beetle species found damaging branches and trunks of Carob tree ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) was Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) [2,6,7]. This beetle colonizes all the woody parts of the trees, from small- to medium-diameter (2–30 cm) twigs, branches, and trunks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Behavior of Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) on Carob Trees in a Mediterranean Environment

Gugliuzzo

Criscione

Garzia

2019

Insects

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Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), commonly known as the black twig borer, was reported in Sicily (Italy) at the end of 2016, infesting Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) twigs, large branches, and trunks. Previous research indicated that X. compactus attacks only small twigs and branches, not large branches and tree trunks. This unusual behavior was monitored through the two following years in five sites in Ragusa province (Sicily, Italy). For each of the monitored sites, the diameter of the infested trunks and branches was recorded. Samples of branches and trunks presenting galleries were removed from the trees and analyzed in the laboratory. Xylosandrus compactus occurred on branches of all monitored trees, while the percentage of infested trunks of carob trees ranged from 60% to 80%. Inside the infested galleries, all biological stages of X. compactus were found. Infestations were also recorded on trunks and branches with diameters greater than 80 cm and 30 cm, respectively. The mean number of X. compactus specimens inside the galleries was recorded and gallery shape was described. Unordinary behaviors, like the one described here for the first time, can affect the current efficiency of management recommendations.

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First record of the Granulate Ambrosia Beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

TaqMan probe assays on different biological samples for the identification of three ambrosia beetle species, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichoff), X. crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and X. germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)

Unusual Behavior of Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) on Carob Trees in a Mediterranean Environment

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