Abstract. The association of a begomovirus with Jatropha mosaic disease has been found in north India. The begomovirus possessed highest identities and closest relationships with Indian and Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus isolates.Jatropha curcas L. (of family Euphorbiaceae) is grown in India as a major commercial fuel (bio-diesel) crop. The natural occurrence of a mosaic disease was noticed on J. curcas growing in experimental plots of the National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, India in the years 2006 and 2007. The disease incidence was significant (~25%). The symptoms of the disease were severe with leaf mosaic and reduced size (Fig. 1a), and stunting of whole plants (Fig. 2). With an acquisition and inoculation period of 24 h, the disease could be transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in a persistent manner but could not be transmitted through mechanical inoculations using leaf sap of an infected plant onto J. curcas seedlings. The whitefly-inoculated J. curcas seedlings developed systemic mosaic and chlorosis at 25--30 days post-inoculation (Fig. 1b). Therefore, infection of a whitefly-transmitted begomovirus was suspected.To confirm the association of a begomovirus, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using as template total DNA extracted from naturally infected J. curcas leaf tissues. Three sets of begomovirus genus specific primers were employed: Deng A and Deng B (Deng et al. 1994), PALIv 1978 and PARIc 496 (Rojas et al. 1993, and those designed to amplify the coat protein (CP) gene of Tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV, Singh 2005). PCRs were set up in a 50 mL reaction mixture containing: template DNA (100 ng), dNTPs (10 mM each), primers (each 25 pmol), Pfu DNA polymerase (1.5 U), assay buffer (5 mL 10Â Banglore Genei Pvt. Ltd) and were cycled 30 times (denaturation: 94 C for 5 min; specific annealing temperatures for 1 min according to the primers used; and extension: 72 C for 1.5 min). The annealing temperatures for Deng, Rojas and TLCV-CP primers were 52 C, 50 C and 47 C, respectively. The final extension cycle was 5 min