First report of a fatal autochthonous canine Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in Belgium

Jolly, Sandra; Poncelet, Luc; Lempereur, Laetitia; Caron, Yannick; Bayrou, Calixte; Cassart, Dominique; Grimm, Felix; Losson, Bertrand

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2014.10.008

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although angiostrongylosis may be fatal in domestic dogs (Jolly et al, 2015;Benda et al, 2017), the disease is still neglected among practitioners in Serbia. Based on the present investigations dogs from two municipalities, Pančevo and Gornji Milanovac, should be considered to be at a high risk of angiostrongylosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With their increasing frequency reported in domestic carnivores, cardiopulmonary parasitic diseases occupy an increasingly important place in current veterinary practice (Traversa et al, 2010). The French heartworm, A. vasorum, has been shown to be very pathogenic for domestic dogs, causing cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders with potentially fatal outcome (Jolly et al, 2015;Benda et al, 2017). The fox lungworm, C. vulpis, can cause bronchitis with a dry, unproductive cough in dogs (Cobb and Fisher, 1992), while infection with the zoonotic lungworm E. aerophilus results in a similar condition in both dogs and cats (Conboy, 2009).…”

Section: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

Gavrilović¹,

Dobrosavljević²,

Vasković

et al. 2019

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Among the wild canids, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is recognised as an important reservoir species for a range of parasites, including cardiopulmonary nematodes of public health and veterinary importance. As cross-host transmission between the red fox and domestic carnivores can play an important role in the epizootiology of cardiopulmonary parasitic diseases, the aim of the present investigations was to obtain data on the geographical distribution of cardiopulmonary nematodes of the red fox. The material for examination consisted of 83 foxes which were legally hunted at different locations during a three-month period from December 2017 to February 2018. The presence of four emerging species in Europe (Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma vulpis, Dirofilaria immitis and Eucoleus aerophilus) was revealed in red foxes of Serbia. Crenosoma vulpis and E. aerophilus were detected in foxes in both the plain and the mountainous areas across the country. Dirofilaria immitis is distributed in red foxes near alluvial rivers in Vojvodina province (northern Serbia). Angiostrongylosis caused by A. vasorum was demonstrated to exist in two enzootic foci with a high percentage of infected foxes in a plain area of northern Serbia. To the best of our knowledge, C. vulpis and A. vasorum were discovered for the first time in red foxes in central Serbia. The results provide strong evidence for veterinarians to take into consideration the parasitic nematodes discovered in red foxes in the differential diagnosis of diseases of companion animals. In the context of the ‘One Health’ approach the results related to the distribution of the zoonotic species E. aerophilus and D. immitis can be useful for medical epidemiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

Gavrilović¹,

Dobrosavljević²,

Vasković

et al. 2019

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…Despite the fact that epidemiological models indicate that Belgium has a highly favourable climate for the completion of A. vasorum life-cycle [ 10 ], the parasite was not recorded in this country until 2013 when a fatal autochthonous case was described in a four and a half month puppy [ 11 ]. Very recently, nine additional cases were diagnosed through Baermann faecal examination and quantitative PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [ 12 , 13 ], which suggests that the parasite could be well established in Belgium at least in the study area (Wallonia, southern Belgium).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Angiostrongylus vasorum in southern Belgium, a coprological and serological survey

Lempereur¹,

Martinelle²,

Maréchal³

et al. 2016

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundCanine angiostrongylosis, a gastropod-borne helminthic infection, is increasingly being described in North America and is now reported in many European countries. In dogs, Angiostrongylus vasorum may cause a wide spectrum of clinical signs. Respiratory distress such as coughing and dyspnoea are the most frequently described manifestations. The aim of the present study was to gain additional information on the distribution, prevalence and risk factors associated with A. vasorum infection in dog from southern Belgium through the combined used of a commercially available in-clinic assay for detection of circulating antigen (Angio Detect™, IDEXX, Westbrook, USA) and coprology in two different canine populations: dogs with clinical signs compatible with angiostrongylosis and asymptomatic dogs or dogs presented for unrelated conditions (control).ResultsA total of 979 dogs were enrolled in the study from November 2014 until February 2016. Seven hundred fifty-seven dogs were included in the control group, whereas 222 dogs had clinical signs compatible with angiostrongylosis. Forty-six dogs out of 979 (4.7 %) had A. vasorum circulating antigen. There was a highly significant difference between the two populations (3.6 % (27/747) and 8.6 % (19/222) in control and symptomatic dogs, respectively) (P = 0.00379). First stage larvae (L1) of A. vasorum were found in seven out of 24 serologically positive control dogs and in six out of 17 serologically positive symptomatic dogs. Interestingly, L1 of Crenosoma vulpis were detected by Baermann technique in one control and nine symptomatic dogs, respectively. Out of 17 Angio Detect™ (IDEXX, Westbrook, USA) positive dogs with negative (14) or not performed Baermann test (three), one dog was positive in both in-house ELISAs (Ag and Ab) and one dog was positive for Ag. Statistical analysis was unable to detect any risk factors associated with the direct and/or indirect detection of A. vasorum.ConclusionsThis seroepidemiological study demonstrated for the first time a high seroprevalence in Southern Belgium for A. vasorum. The Angio Detect™ was found to be suitable in this context as the collection, preservation and examination of stools were difficult. Nevertheless, discrepancies were observed between the different available tests. Additional research is clearly needed. Also, coproscopy remains a very useful tool in dogs infected for less than nine weeks and for the identification of other canine lung nematodes such as C. vulpis. This study also demonstrates that asymptomatic dogs may shed A. vasorum L1 in their faeces and therefore contribute to the maintenance of A. vasorum life-cycle.

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“…In recent years, angiostrongylosis caused by the metastrongyloid nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum (French heartworm) has continuously been a subject to investigation due to its emergence in European countries (Traversa, Cesare, & Conboy, ) and its substantial impact on dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) health with recorded fatal outcomes (Benda et al, ; Jolly et al, ). Investigations in Irish dogs have shown clinical signs including cardiorespiratory problems (63%) and coagulopathy (71%) (Gallagher, Brennan, Zarelli, & Mooney, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are golden jackals (Canis aureus) definitive hosts forAngiostrongylus vasorum?

Gavrilović¹,

Marinković

Vidanović³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Angiostrongylosis caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging disease in Europe. Recent reports have shown that, besides the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) recognized as the main definitive host and reservoir for the parasite, the role of the definitive host can be taken by a range of mammals. We considered that, due to the rapid large‐scale expansion of its populations in Europe, the golden jackal (Canis aureus) could assume an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. The aim of the investigations was to explore the role of the golden jackal as the definitive host for A. vasorum. Sixty‐three golden jackals, legally hunted in lowlands around the Danube River in Serbia recognized as the core area of the species' distribution in Europe, were subjected to patho‐morphological and parasitological examination. The adult forms of A. vasorum were detected in the pulmonary arteries in six golden jackals with gross lesions manifested in the lungs. The finding of first stage larvae (L1) of A. vasorum in microscopic smears of the lung tissue altered by infection, which was consistent with the presence of adult parasites and manifestation of gross lesions in the lungs, confirms the successful reproduction of the parasite in the golden jackal. Migration of L1 from the blood vessels to the airways was confirmed by histopathology and, subsequently, their shedding was demonstrated by the Baermann method. The results support the hypothesis that the golden jackal acts as a suitable definitive host for A. vasorum. As a definitive host with a large‐scale expansion of its populations in Europe, the golden jackal may be an important part of the parasite's host repertoire by spreading the parasite into previously non‐endemic areas and by being an additional definitive host in endemic areas of vulpine angiostrongylosis.

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First report of a fatal autochthonous canine Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in Belgium

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

Cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

Prevalence of Angiostrongylus vasorum in southern Belgium, a coprological and serological survey

Are golden jackals (Canis aureus) definitive hosts forAngiostrongylus vasorum?

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