First report of a mixed infection of &lt;i&gt;Trichinella nelsoni&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Trichinella&lt;/i&gt; T8 in a leopard (&lt;i&gt;Panthera pardus&lt;/i&gt;) from the Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa

Grange, Louis J. La; Reininghaus, Bjorn; Mukaratirwa, Samson

doi:10.4102/ojvr.v81i1.836

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Till date, infection of T. nelsoni from Tanzania (Pozio et al, 1997) and T. britovi from Iran (Mowlavi et al, 2009) in leopards has been reported. A mixed infection of T. nelsoni and T8 genotype in leopard has also been reported from Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa (La Grange et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Molecular identification and characterization of Trichinella spiralis from a leopard in India

Nehra

Ram

Banerjee

et al. 2019

IJAR

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TPresent study describes species level identification of Trichinella spiralis of leopard origin from India using multiplex PCR and molecular characterization of the parasite based on sequencing of multiple genetic markers viz. 5S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region (5S ISR), partial mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (Mt-lsr) and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes. A single amplicons of 173 bp, indicative of T. spiralis was obtained in multiplex PCR. Further, specific PCR amplifications viz. 750 bp (5S ISR), 445 bp (Mt-lsr) and 850 bp (COI) were obtained for selected genetic markers. Homology search analysis of 5S-ISR, Mt-lsr gene and COI gene showed highest 99.6% identity with sequences originating from China (KT894074, T. spiralis), 98.6% similarity with T. spiralis China isolates (GU339127, GU339147) and 99.8% sequence homology with T. spiralis sequences originating from Belarus (MH119334), respectively. In the phylogenetic analysis, sequences of each selected genetic marker clustered together with published T. spiralis isolates only, which further confirmed species level identification of detected larvae as T. spiralis, although very few differences were noted with reference to relative positions. This is the first study from India, which provide molecular evidence on circulation of T. spiralis in wild animals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Molecular identification and characterization of Trichinella spiralis from a leopard in India

Nehra

Ram

Banerjee

et al. 2019

IJAR

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“…In the GKNP, only a single leopard (1/7, 14%) tested positive for T. nelsoni [54] and the same species has previously been isolated from leopards in Kenya [66] and Tanzania [67]. La Grange et al [38] described a mixed infection of T. nelsoni and Trichinella T8 in a leopard from the GKNP and based on the dietary habits of the species [4,20,42,94], we hypothesise that other small mammalian carnivores may serve as an important source of infection to these animals in the GKNP. Similar to T. nelsoni, genotype Trichinella T8 has been found in low prevalence in lions (4/98, 4%), hyaenas (1/26, 3.8%) [43,54,76] and leopards (1/7, 14%) from the GKNP [38,54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Trichinella species reported in the GKNP From the beginning of Trichinella surveillance studies in South Africa in 1964 to the end of 2016, at least two species and one genotype have been confirmed across six mammalian and two reptilian hosts from the GKNP [38,40,43,54,79]. Trichinella-like infections have additionally been reported in six other mammalian hosts, but species confirmation of the parasite was not possible [43,54,100,101].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, of late, Trichinella spp. infections have been confirmed in at least six mammalian and two reptile species from the GKNP [38,40,43,54,79] as well as Trichinella-like infections in at least six additional mammalian hosts [43,54,100,101]. Despite the diverse host range and the fact that South Africa has the highest reported prevalence of Trichinella in sub-Saharan Africa [54], no human cases have been reported from South Africa to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and hypothetical transmission cycles ofTrichinellainfections in the Greater Kruger National Park of South Africa: an example of host-parasite interactions in an environment with minimal human interactions

Grange

Mukaratirwa

2020

Parasite

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Knowledge on the epidemiology, host range and transmission of Trichinella spp. infections in different ecological zones in southern Africa including areas of wildlife-human interface is limited. The majority of reports on Trichinella infections in sub-Saharan Africa were from wildlife resident in protected areas. Elucidation of the epidemiology of the infections and the prediction of hosts involved in the sylvatic cycles within specific ecological niches is critical. Of recent, there have been reports of Trichinella infections in several wildlife species within the Greater Kruger National Park (GKNP) of South Africa, which has prompted the revision and update of published hypothetical transmission cycles including the hypothetical options based previously on the biology and feeding behaviour of wildlife hosts confined to the GKNP. Using data gathered from surveillance studies and reports spanning the period 1964–2019, confirmed transmission cycles and revised hypothesized transmission cycles of three known Trichinella species (T. zimbabwensis, Trichinella T8 and T. nelsoni) are presented. These were formulated based on the epidemiological factors, feeding habits of hosts and prevalence data gathered from the GKNP. We presume that the formulated sylvatic cycles may be extrapolated to similar national parks and wildlife protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa where the same host and parasite species are known to occur. The anecdotal nature of some of the presented data confirms the need for more intense epidemiological surveillance in national parks and wildlife protected areas in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa to unravel the epidemiology of Trichinella infections in these unique and diverse protected landscapes.

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“…Most previous research on trichinellosis in Africa focused on isolating Trichinella from wildlife [7–13], and it was long believed that in Africa, Trichinella infection essentially affects wild carnivores [14] and that pigs are not infected with Trichinella in East Africa. Outbreaks of human trichinellosis in Africa date back several decades and were documented in Egypt [15], Northwest Ethiopia [16,17], Kenya [18] and Tanzania [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of the Occurrence of Trichinella-Specific Antibodies in Domestic Pigs in Central and Eastern Uganda

et al. 2016

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Previous research on trichinellosis in Africa focused on isolating Trichinella from wildlife while the role of domestic pigs has remained highly under-researched. Pig keeping in Uganda is historically recent, and evidence on zoonotic pig diseases, including infection with Trichinella species, is scarce. A cross-sectional survey on Trichinella seroprevalence in pigs was conducted in three districts in Central and Eastern Uganda from April 2013 to January 2015. Serum from a random sample of 1125 pigs from 22 villages in Eastern and Central Uganda was examined to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) against any Trichinella spp. using a commercially available ELISA based on excretory-secretory antigen. ELISA positive samples were confirmed using Western Blot based on somatic antigen of Trichinella spiralis as recommended in previous validation studies. Diaphragm pillar muscle samples (at least 5 g each) of 499 pigs from areas with high ELISA positivity were examined using the artificial digestion method. Overall, 78 of all 1125 animals (6.9%, 95% CI: 5.6–8.6%) tested positive for antibodies against Trichinella spp. in the ELISA at significantly higher levels in Kamuli district compared to Masaka and Mukono districts. Thirty-one percent of the ELISA positive samples were confirmed IgG positive by the Western Blot leading to an overall seroprevalence of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.4–3.2%). The large proportion of ELISA positive samples that could not be confirmed using Western blot may be the result of cross-reactivity with other gastrointestinal helminth infections or unknown host-specific immune response mechanisms in local pig breeds in Uganda. Attempts to isolate muscle larvae for species determination using the artificial digestion method were unsuccessful. Due to the large number of muscle samples examined we are confident that even if pigs are infected, the larval burden in pork is too low to pose a major risk to consumers of developing trichinellosis. This was the first large systematic field investigation of Trichinella infection in domestic pigs in Uganda and its results imply that further studies are needed to identify the Trichinella species involved, and to identify potential sources of infection for humans.

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First report of a mixed infection of <i>Trichinella nelsoni</i> and <i>Trichinella</i> T8 in a leopard (<i>Panthera pardus</i>) from the Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular identification and characterization of Trichinella spiralis from a leopard in India

Molecular identification and characterization of Trichinella spiralis from a leopard in India

Epidemiology and hypothetical transmission cycles ofTrichinellainfections in the Greater Kruger National Park of South Africa: an example of host-parasite interactions in an environment with minimal human interactions

First Report of the Occurrence of Trichinella-Specific Antibodies in Domestic Pigs in Central and Eastern Uganda

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