First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot on Polygonatum sibiricum in China

Zou, Hui; Jiang, Jian-wei; Xu, Mingyue; Zhou, Yi

doi:10.1007/s42161-022-01288-8

J Plant Pathol

2022

DOI: 10.1007/s42161-022-01288-8

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First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot on Polygonatum sibiricum in China

Hui Zou

Jian-wei Jiang

Mingyue Xu³

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…However, there is only one report about diseases of T. papyrifer and most pathogens associated with the crop remain unknown, which has rendered disease management challenging (Tang et al, 2023).Alternaria spp. can cause early blight, leaf blight and leaf brown spot on many economic plants (Wang et al, 2022;Yang et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2015). In addition to morphology, sequencing specific DNA regions has become an essential requirement to identify pathogenic fungi correctly.…”

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Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot of Tetrapanax papyrifer newly reported in China

Tang,

Ban,

et al. 2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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Tetrapanax papyrifer, the rice‐paper plant, is an evergreen shrub and is traditionally used as a herbal medicine in China. In October 2021, a serious leaf spot disease was extensively observed on T. papyrifer in Guizhou, China. Given the limited information available about the aetiology of this disease, isolations were performed, the morphological characteristics and multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis of the fungus associated with the disease were described, and the pathogenicity tests and Koch's postulates were completed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on T. papyrifer caused by Alternaria tenuissima in China. Among 11 fungicides tested, 10% difenoconazole WDG had the best inhibition effect in vitro with EC50 values at 0.1 μg mL−1. This study provides new information for the identification and chemical control of Alternaria leaf spot of T. papyrifer.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternaria spp. can cause early blight, leaf blight and leaf brown spot on many economic plants (Wang et al, 2022;Yang et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2015). In addition to morphology, sequencing specific DNA regions has become an essential requirement to identify pathogenic fungi correctly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot of Tetrapanax papyrifer newly reported in China

Tang,

Ban,

et al. 2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf blotch and fruit spot of apple in Pakistan

Ullah,

Samiullah,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata on Polygonatum cyrtonema in Hunan Province of China

Fan,

Zhou,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Plant Disease

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Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, a perennial plant of the Asparagaceae family, is an important herb in Chinese medicine and is mainly grown in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Anhui, and Zhejiang (Chen et al. 2021). In June 2021, a new case of leaf spot disease was detected in an 80 m2 plantation of P. cyrtonema on Xuefeng Mountain, Huaihua City, Hunan Province (27°17′30″N, 110°24′20″E). It infected almost 40% of the total planted area. Initially, irregular light brown spots appeared on the leaves, gradually turning dark brown and coalescing to form large necrotic areas, after which the affected plant turned yellow and eventually died. Ten disease samples were collected from ten plants in the plantation area. The leading edge of necrotic tissues were rinsed with sterile water and then disinfected with 3% hydrogen peroxide for 30 s, followed by 75% ethanol for 90 s, and rinsed three times with sterile water. Samples were then placed on water agar plates and incubated in the dark in a constant temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 3-5 days. After mycelial growth was observed in the media, the hyphae were transferred to potato dextrose agar plates and incubated for 3-5 days at 28 ℃ in the dark. Ultimately, 12 purified fungal isolates were obtained, some of which were morphologically similar, including 10 that were Alternaria (83.3% isolation rate). Three representative isolates (HJYB1, HJYB2, and HJYB3) were selected for further study. The initial colonies were grayish green with white fluffy mycelia on the surface and a prominent white rim, which became brown with dense, cottony aerial mycelia as the colonies matured. The conidia were obpyriform or ellipsoidal, pale to dark brown, with 0-4 transverse and 0-3 longitudinal septa, some with a short cylindrical beak at the tip. They measured 11.826-28.873 × 6.231-26.018 μm (n = 100). To further confirm the identity of the isolates, their rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), β-microtubulin (TUB2) and translation elongation factor-1 (TEF-1) genes were amplified and sequenced using the ITS4/ITS5, TUB2F/R and EF-526F/1567R primers, respectively (Hong et al. 2006). The sequences were submitted to GenBank (ITS: OR513924, OR513964, OR519874; TUB2: OR526928, OR533421, OR526929; TEF: OR526926, OR533420, OR526927). A concatenated phylogenetic tree of the three genes showed that the isolate clustered significantly with Alternaria alternata. Based on morphological identification and phylogenetic tree analysis, the isolate was identified as A. alternata. We carried out pathogenicity tests on four uniformly growing P. cyrtonema plants. Three of these plants were used as experimental plants and one as a control. For each plant, three young leaves were selected and inoculated with 6 × 6 mm PDA blocks, while sterile PDA blocks were used as controls. The treated plants were subjected to 10 days of stable temperature in a climatic chamber set at 28°C, 80% constant relative humidity and 12 hours of light per day. The pathogenic lesions appeared and the pathogens re-isolated from the diseased leaves showed similar morphological characteristics to representative isolates and were confirmed as A. alternata by DNA sequencing, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. A. alternata is the major causal agent of leaf spot on P. sibiricum (Zou et al. 2023) and Agrimonia pilosa (Jiang et al. 2023). As far as we know, leaf necrosis caused by A. tenuissima has been found on P. cyrtonema (Li et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata causing leaf spot disease in P. cyrtonema. These findings form the basis for the management of this leaf spot disease.

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First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot on Polygonatum sibiricum in China

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot of Tetrapanax papyrifer newly reported in China

Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot of Tetrapanax papyrifer newly reported in China

First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf blotch and fruit spot of apple in Pakistan

First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata on Polygonatum cyrtonema in Hunan Province of China

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