First report of complete mitochondrial genome in the subfamily Alleculinae and mitochondrial genome‐based phylogenetics in Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)

Abstract

Despite worldwide distribution and rich diversity, the knowledge of mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) characteristics within the family Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) is still very limited, and phylogenetics remain unresolved for the family. In this study, the mtgenomes for 12 species are newly sequenced and annotated. Three of the species represent the first report of complete mtgenomes from the subfamily Alleculinae. Comparative analysis of 36 tenebrionid mtgenomes finds that gene composition and order are the same as a theoretical ancestral insect mtgenome, and AT bias, length variation, and codon usage are consistent with other reported beetle mtgenomes. Some intergenic overlap and gap sequences may contain phylogenetically informative information, whereas neither the conserved nor repeat sequences in the control region do. The subfamilies Lagriinae, Pimeliinae, Stenochiinae, and Alleculinae are found to be monophyletic, and the subfamilies Diaperinae and Tenebrioninae polyphyletic in our study. Furthermore, Lagriinae is sister to the rest of the subfamilies. At the tribal level, the tribes Lagriini in the subfamily Lagrrinae; Strongyliini in Stenochiinae; Cteniopodini in Alleculinae; and Triboliini, Opatrini, and Amarygmini in Tenebrioninae are monophyletic; while Diaperini in Diaperinae, and Tenebrionini in Tenebrioninae are polyphyletic.

Repeated horizontal acquisition of lagriamide-producing symbionts in Lagriinae beetles

“…1). In line with previous studies, mitogenomes belonging to subfamilies Lagriinae, Blaptinae, Pimeliinae, Stenochiinae and Alleculinae were found to be monophyletic whereas Diaperinae and Tenebrioninae were found to be para-or polyphyletic [27][28][29][30].…”

First mitochondrial genome of subfamily Julodinae (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) with its phylogenetic implications

“…The unusual start codon TTG was also reported in Agrilinae ( Wei 2022 ) and Buprestinae ( Huang et al 2022 ). The start codon of the cox1 gene in these three mitogenomes was not determined, which may use non-canonical start codons ( Friedrich and Muquim 2003 ; Fenn et al 2007 ; Yang et al 2013 ; Wang et al 2021 ; Wu et al 2022 ). There were three types of stop codons, TAA, TAG, and an incomplete stop codon T, which was completed by the addition of 3’ A residues to the mRNA.…”

The extraordinary rearrangement of mitochondrial genome of the wheat pest, Aptinothrips stylifer and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Thripidae (Thysanoptera)

“…To gain a deeper understanding of the internal relationships among these subfamilies, additional molecular data and extensive research are required. As DNA markers, mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been instrumental in analyzing tribal and generic relationships in various insects (Chen et al, 2019(Chen et al, , 2021Wu et al, 2022;Zhou et al, 2020). In Thysanoptera, mitogenomic data have been beneficial in uncovering phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among genera and species of thrips (Chakraborty et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2022), revealing unique and complex rearrangements in the mitogenome structure.…”