First report of Cryptococcus albidus septicaemia in an HIV patient

Loison, J.; Bouchara, J.P.; Guého, E.; Gentile, Ludovic de; Cimon, Bernard; Chennebault, Jean‐Marie; Chabasse, Dominique

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(96)93176-x

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Among the infective species, three are considered human pathogens, C. albidus, C. laurentii, and C. uniguttulatus (Johnson et al 1998, McCurdy & Morrow 2001. Variable clinical manifestations are reported, such as instances of cutaneous infections (Kamalam et al 1977, Johnson et al 1998), ventriculitis (McCurdy & Morrow 2001, meningitis (Kordossis et al 1998), fungemia (Loison et al 1996, Johnson et al 1998, Kordossis et al 1998, Kunova & Krcmery 1999, pneumonia and pulmonary abscesses (Johnson et al 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Pedroso

Ferreira

Candido

2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Infections by Cryptococcus strains other than C. neoformans have been detected in immunocompromised patients. Of these strains, three are considered human pathogens: C. albidus, C. laurenttii, and C. uniguttulatus. This study deals with the in vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus to drugs such as amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine. Environmental Cryptococcus isolates (50) distributed as follows: C. neoformans var. neoformans (16), C. albidus (17), C. laurentii (14), and C. uniguttulatus (3) were evaluated by the micro and macrodilution techniques, according to EUCAST and NCCLS recommendations, respectively. Considering both methodologies the respective minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 0.125 and 2 µg/ml for amphotericin B, 0.06 and 8 µg/ml for itraconazole, and 0.5 and more than 64 µg/ml for fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. Agreement percentages for the two methodologies were 100% for amphotericin B and fluconazole for all the strains tested. For itraconazole, the agreement percentage was 81.3% in the C. neoformans strain and 100% for all the others. All species had a agreement percentage of 94.1 to 100% when susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine was tested. It is concluded that environmental isolates of C. neoformans var. neoformans, C. albidus, C. laurentii, and C. uniguttulatus may show high MICs against certain drugs, suggesting in vitro primary resistance to the antifungals tested

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confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Pedroso

Ferreira

Candido

2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…To our knowledge, just 26 cases of infection with C. albidus have been reported in the world literature [ Table 1 (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)]. The present case is unusual both because peritonitis with C. albidus has never before been reported, and because cryptococcal peritonitis is in general very rare, with only 4 cases having been reported in patients on PD (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…C. albidus has also been isolated from the skin of healthy patients (10). C. albidus can be differentiated from other cryptococci by features such as nitrate assimilation, variable growth at 37°C, fermentation of maltose and sucrose, and variable fermentation of galactose, melibiose, and erythritol (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our patient, treatment with that agent was successful. It is important to note that C. albidus also exhibits susceptibility to flucytosine, posaconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and miconazole in some cases (10,11,13,19,(27)(28)(29). Because of these variations in C. albidus antifungal susceptibility, treatment should ideally be tailored to the individual disease-causing organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report of Cryptococcus Albidus Peritonitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient and a Review of the Literature

Ragupathi

Reyna

2015

Perit Dial Int

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Cryptococcus albidus is a saprophytic yeast linked to just 26 reports of human infection in the world literature. Here, we report the first case of C. albidus peritonitis, in a patient with end-stage renal disease and hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis who is on peritoneal dialysis. The patient was treated successfully with a week-long course of amphotericin B. Non-neoformans cryptococcal infections present a clinical challenge, because they are difficult to diagnose and lack established guidelines for treatment. We present a review of the literature on C. albidus infections and their treatment.

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“…To prove their wide spectrum of activities, the sensitivity of scFv antibodies was tested for three different yeast species, which differ by their degree of pathogencity. S. cerevisiae is a non-pathogenic yeast, C. albidus is an opportunistic, pathogenic yeast that causes human infections mainly in immunosuppressed patients [22][23][24] and C. albicans is a most dangerous pathogenic yeast causing severe systematic infections in immune-compromised populations. 25) However, one important features thought to be common to all these pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi are the participation of b-1,3-glucan synthase in cell wall biosynthesis.…”

Section: 99ϫ10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Single-Chain Anti-idiotypic Antibody: An Effective Fungal .BETA.-1,3-Glucan Synthase Inhibitor

Selvakumar

Karim

Miyamoto

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Enzymes that synthesize fungal cell walls are hypothesized to be effective targets for anti-fungal drugs because of the absence of similar mammalian enzymes.1,2) b-1,3-Glucan synthase is an enzyme localized in the plasma membrane that catalyzes the synthesis of b-1,3-glucan, a major polymer component of the cell wall of yeasts and fungi.3) Inhibition of cell wall glucan synthesis provides a possibility to protect against fungal infections.Many yeast strains secrete proteins called "killer toxins" to inhibit the growth of other yeast strains. HM-1 killer toxin (HM-1), a small protein comprising 88 amino acids and five disulfide bridges, is produced by Williopsis saturnus var. mrakii IFO 0895 (previously known as Hansenula mrakii) and is strongly cytocidal against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 4,5) It affects sensitive yeast cells primarily in the growing stage, but it is not toxic to yeast cells in the resting stage or to mammalian cells.6) The mechanism of cytocidal activity of HM-1 has been studied extensively, and the accumulated data indicate that HM-1 kills yeast cells by extracellularly inhibiting b-1,3-glucan synthase. 4,[6][7][8] This inhibition by HM-1 forms a pore at the distal tip of the developing bud and the protruding conjugation tube where cell wall synthesis is active; cells treated with HM-1 die by discharging cellular materials from pores because of osmotic pressure. 6)Opportunistic infections are becoming increasingly common due to the growing number of individuals immunocompromised by chemotherapy or immunosuppressants.9) The incidence of fungal infections is increasing worldwide because of increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients at advanced age, or with AIDS or cancer, or are undergoing organ transplantation. 10) Nowadays, fungi have also been implicated to be causal agents for chronic rhinosinusitis, infecting tens of millions of people around the world.11) Candidiasis and cryptococcosis are the most important fungal infections in humans; followed by aspergillosis. 12,13)The development, not only of new conventional antibiotics but also of novel compounds and alternative strategies for the battle against fungal infections, is becoming a topical and widely recognized need. The excellent biochemical properties of HM-1 can be used as a useful source to develop antifungal drugs. One creative approach in this field is the development of recombinant single-chain fragment variable (scFv) anti-idiotypic antibodies, which have the internal image of the HM-1 active site responsible for b-1,3-glucan synthase inhibition and anti-fungal activity (Selvakumar et al., unpublished results).Aculeacin A (MW 1036.2), consisting of cyclic peptide and 1 mol of fatty acid, and papulacandin B (MW 901.0), consisting of a disaccharide, 1 mol of resorcinol and 2 mol of unsaturated fatty acid, are antifungal antibiotics.14-16) Evident is that the killing mechanism of these two amphiphilic antibiotics a similar to HM-1 killer toxin due to the inhibition of cell wall glucan synthesis through inhibiting b-1,3-glucan ...

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First report of Cryptococcus albidus septicaemia in an HIV patient

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Case Report of Cryptococcus Albidus Peritonitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient and a Review of the Literature

Recombinant Single-Chain Anti-idiotypic Antibody: An Effective Fungal .BETA.-1,3-Glucan Synthase Inhibitor

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