First Report of Field Decay of Sugar Beet Caused by <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i> subsp. <i>brasiliense</i> in North America

Secor, Gary A.; Rivera-Varas, Viviana; Brueggeman, Robert; Metzger, Michael S.; Rengifo, Judith; Richards, Jonathan

doi:10.1094/pdis-05-16-0588-pdn

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…scolymus ) develops wilting of the older leaves accompanied by dark-green to dark-brown soft rotting of the pith [ 63 ]. In a study carried out in the USA, infected sugar beet ( B. vulgaris ) was characterized by soft decay of internal root tissues, blackening of petiole vascular bundles, half-leaf yellowing, and frothing [ 94 ]. Moreover, Amaranth ( Amaranthus L.) grown in South Korea has been infected by Pbr presenting typical soft rot symptoms like wilting, defoliation and odd smell [ 86 ].…”

Section: Symptoms Host Range and Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectobacterium brasiliense: Genomics, Host Range and Disease Management

et al. 2021

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Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) is considered as one of the most virulent species among the Pectobacteriaceae. This species has a broad host range within horticulture crops and is well distributed elsewhere. It has been found to be pathogenic not only in the field causing blackleg and soft rot of potato, but it is also transmitted via storage causing soft rot of other vegetables. Genomic analysis and other cost-effective molecular detection methods such as a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of the Pbr. The lack of fast, field deployable point-of-care testing (POCT) methods, specific control strategies and current limited genomic knowledge make management of this species difficult. Thus far, no comprehensive review exists about Pbr, however there is an intense need to research the biology, detection, pathogenicity and management of Pbr, not only because of its fast distribution across Europe and other countries but also due to its increased survival to various climatic conditions. This review outlines the information available in peer-reviewed literature regarding host range, detection methods, genomics, geographical distribution, nomenclature and taxonomical evolution along with some of the possible management and control strategies. In summary, the conclusions and a further directions highlight the management of this species.

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Section: Symptoms Host Range and Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectobacterium brasiliense: Genomics, Host Range and Disease Management

et al. 2021

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“…In each of these phylogenetic tree analyses, they were grouped within the same branch as strain C331 = CFBP7370. There is a growing trend in taxonomic criteria towards increased diagnostic confidence, particularly for complex genera with heterogeneous species and strains such as Pectobacterium spp., as evidenced by housekeeping gene sequences obtained from strains originating from various locations worldwide and infecting different hosts (Czajkowski et al, 2015;Portier et al, 2019;Sławiak et al, 2009;Waleron et al, 2002). These branches were strongly supported by high bootstrap values of at least 98% (Figures 2-4).…”

Section: Blastn Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…To date, various species of the Pectobacterium genus, including P. betavasculorum, P. brasiliense, and P. carotovorum, have been isolated from symptomatic plant tissues of sugar beet worldwide (Fassihiani & Nedaeinia, 2008;Ozturk et al, 2019;Secor et al, 2016;Waleron et al, 2015). According to the reports, P. betavasculorum could not be detected with the genus-specific primers Y1/Y2 (Darrasse et al, 1994).…”

Section: Blastn Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification, and characterization of Pectobacterium actinidiae isolated from infected sugar beet leaves

Öztürk

2024

Journal of Phytopathology

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During the sugar beet growing seasons of 2019 and 2020, symptomatic leaf samples displaying necrotic spots were collected for the isolation of pectinolytic bacteria. Seven bacterial isolates were obtained from these infected leaves on crystal violet pectate (CVP) medium. Two of these isolates exhibited the ability to macerate potato tuber slices and induced disease symptoms on petioles of sugar beet plants. Initially, their identity was determined to be Pectobacterium spp. through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that produced a 434 bp amplicon using Y1/Y2 primers. Subsequently, they generated a 550 bp PCR product with the EXPCCF/EXPCCR primers, classifying them as P. carotovorum. Further analysis of both strains involved the examination of the dnaX and mdh genes to confirm their taxonomic status. BLASTn analysis revealed the highest sequence similarity with P. actinidiae strains in GenBank for dnaX (99.39%–100%) and mdh (100%) genes. Phylogenetic analysis, based on sequences from dnaX, mdh, and a concatenation of both genes, conducted alongside 21 species of Pectobacterium spp., unequivocally confirmed that strains Pact1 and Pact2 belong to P. actinidiae. This study marks the first‐ever report of the presence of P. actinidiae in sugar beet worldwide.

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“…Pbr was first reported as a highly virulent phytopathogen in Brazil in 2004, causing potato soft rot and blackleg (Duarte et al, 2004). Since then, it has been subsequently reported that Pbr causes soft rot disease in sugar beet, tomato, paprika and kale in America, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Switzerland and South Africa (Choi and Kim, 2013; Leite et al, 2014; de Werra et al, 2015; Secor et al, 2016; Laverde et al, 2017). Pectobacterium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and evaluation of suitable reference genes for quantitative gene expression analysis during infection ofCucumis sativuswithPectobacterium brasiliense

Yuan

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims Bacterial soft rot caused by Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) has resulted in severe economic losses of cucumber production in northern China. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) is widely used to determine the fold change in the expression of genes of interest, and an appropriate reference gene played a critical role in the evaluation of genes expression. However, the suitable reference genes for transcript normalization during the interaction between cucumber and Pbr have not yet been systematically validated. In this study, we aimed to identify the suitable reference genes for accurate and reliable normalization of cucumber and Pbr RT‐qPCR data. Methods and Results We selected 14 candidate reference genes for cucumber and 10 candidate reference genes for Pbr were analysed by using four algorithms (the deltaCt method, BestKeeper, NormFinder and geNorm). Furthermore, five genes in cucumber involved in plant resistance and five genes in Pbr related to the virulence were selected to confirm the reliability of the reference genes by RT‐qPCR. CsARF (ADP‐ribosylation factor 1) and pgi (glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase) were suggested as the most suitable reference genes for cucumber and Pbr respectively. Conclusion Our results suggested that CsARF (ADP‐ribosylation factor 1) and pgi (glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase) could be as the reference genes to normalize expression data for cucumber and Pbr during the process of pathogen–host interaction respectively. Significance and Impact of the Study To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of the optimal reference genes specific to cucumber and Pbr, which could help advance the molecular interactions research in Cucurbitaceae vegetables and Pectobacterium species pathosystems.

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First Report of Field Decay of Sugar Beet Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense in North America

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Pectobacterium brasiliense: Genomics, Host Range and Disease Management

Pectobacterium brasiliense: Genomics, Host Range and Disease Management

Isolation, identification, and characterization of Pectobacterium actinidiae isolated from infected sugar beet leaves

Selection and evaluation of suitable reference genes for quantitative gene expression analysis during infection ofCucumis sativuswithPectobacterium brasiliense

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