First report of gray mold of chickpea caused by Botrytis euroamericana in the USA

Moparthi, Swarnalatha; Peluola, Cecilia; Agindotan, Bright; McPhee, Kevin; Burrows, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105297

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This period interrupted long-term Cenozoic cooling and is markedly different from the period immediately following, which was characterized by cool temperatures and much lower sea levels ( Methner et al 2020 ). In our study, we were not able to estimate the ancestral geographical distribution of Botrytis as its members co-exist with agricultural crops all around the world (see multiple reports of various Botrytis species in different countries; Zhang et al 2009 ; Saito et al 2014 ; Li et al 2015 ; Erper et al 2019 ; Chen et al 2020 ; Jeon et al 2020 ; Mansouripour and Holmes 2020 ; Meeboon and Shinohara 2020 ; Moparthi et al 2020 ). Therefore, it is not possible to precisely pinpoint ancient species radiations with respect to particular geographical events as was done, for instance, for the Chinese medicinal fungus Sanghuangporus ( Zhu et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Positive Selection of Transcription Factors Is a Prominent Feature of the Evolution of a Plant Pathogenic Genus Originating in the Miocene

Derbyshire

Harper

Lopez‐Ruiz

2021

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Tests based on the dN/dS statistic are used to identify positive selection of non-synonymous polymorphisms. Using these tests on alignments of all orthologues from related species can provide insights into which gene categories have been most frequently positively selected. However, longer alignments have more power to detect positive selection, creating a detection bias that could create misleading results from functional enrichment tests. Most studies of positive selection in plant pathogens focus on genes with specific virulence functions, with little emphasis on broader molecular processes. Furthermore, no studies in plant pathogens have accounted for detection bias due to alignment length when performing functional enrichment tests. To address these research gaps, we analyse 12 genomes of the phytopathogenic fungal genus Botrytis, including two sequenced in this study. To establish a temporal context, we estimated fossil-calibrated divergence times for the genus. We find that Botrytis likely originated 16-18 million years ago in the Miocene and underwent continuous radiation ending in the Pliocene. An untargeted scan of Botrytis single copy orthologues for positive selection with three different statistical tests uncovered evidence for positive selection among proteases, signalling proteins, CAZymes and secreted proteins. There was also a strong over-representation of transcription factors among positively selected genes. This over-representation was still apparent after two complementary controls for detection bias due to sequence length. Positively selected sites were depleted within DNA binding domains, suggesting changes in transcriptional responses to internal and external cues or protein-protein interactions have undergone positive selection more frequently than changes in promoter fidelity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Positive Selection of Transcription Factors Is a Prominent Feature of the Evolution of a Plant Pathogenic Genus Originating in the Miocene

Derbyshire

Harper

Lopez‐Ruiz

2021

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…Originally, B. euroamericana was isolated from peony and grapes in North America and Europe ( Garfinkel et al., 2017 ). Later B. euroamericana was reported as a causative agent of grey mold on chickpea leaves in the USA ( Moparthi et al., 2020 ) and was observed on lentil and dry pea seeds. The ability to cause lesions in several hosts from different plant families during pathogenicity tests confirms the wide host range of this pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of pathogenicity of Botrytis species isolated from different legumes

et al. 2023

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Fungi of genus Botrytis are important pathogens of legumes, causing gray mold and chocolate spot diseases. The use of molecular methods to identify pathogens has resulted in the discovery of several new Botrytis species and new associations of pathogens with diseases. Thus, chocolate spot of faba bean is now associated with at least four species: B. fabae, B. cinerea, B. pseudocinerea and B. fabiopsis. Species of Botrytis differ in host plant, pathogenicity, fungicide resistance and other relevant properties that affect disease control. The aim of this study was to identify the species of Botrytis isolated from different legume crops and to evaluate their in vitro pathogenicity. Between 2014 and 2019, 278 isolates of Botrytis were obtained from infected legumes in Latvia. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out by sequencing three nuclear genes, RPB2, HSP60, and G3PDH, considered to be diagnostic for species in this genus. A set of 21 representative isolates was selected for pathogenicity tests on detached leaves of faba bean, field pea, lupin and soybean using 5-mm mycelium-agar plugs. The diameter of the formed lesions under the inoculated plug was measured crosswise each day. The datasets were subjected to analysis of variance with the split-plot design of the experiment and repeated-measures model. Six species were identified: B. cinerea, B. fabae, B. pseudocinerea, B. fabiopsis, B. euroamericana and B. medusae. In addition to the expected combinations of host and pathogen, naturally occurring infections of B. fabiopsis were found on chickpea, B. euroamericana on faba bean and B. medusae in lupin seeds. Species and isolate had significant effects on pathogenicity on all crops tested. Several isolates were pathogenic on two or more host species: two of B. pseudocinerea, two of B. cinerea, two of B. fabiopsis and the one of B. medusae. One isolate of B. pseudocinerea and two of B. fabiopsis caused primary lesions on all five host species. The results show that these Botrytis species have a broad host range that should be borne in mind when planning crop sequences and rotations.

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Identification and Prevalence of Seedborne Botrytis spp. in Dry Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea in Montana

et al. 2023

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Botrytis spp. cause gray mold and are significant pathogens of pulse crops (dry pea, lentil, and chickpea). Seedling infection can result in plant stunting and death. In this study, 100 Botrytis isolates were recovered from pulse crop seed samples that were submitted to the Regional Pulse Crop Diagnostic Laboratory at Montana State University. Nine Botrytis species were found to be associated with pulse seeds in Montana based on a combination of cultural characteristics, the amplification of partial sequences of the G3PDH, HSP60, RPB2 genes, and phylogenetic analysis,. Botrytis cinerea (n = 54) was the predominant species, followed by B. euroamericana (n = 22) and B. prunorum (n = 11). There were a few isolates of B. mali and five novel Botrytis species that includes one cryptic species. To determine the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of the isolates, dry pea cultivar ‘Lifter,’ lentil cultivar ‘Richlea’ and chickpea cultivar ‘Sierra,’ detached leaves were inoculated using mycelial plugs. Lesion diameter produced by Botrytis isolates on three hosts differed (P <0.05). Aggressiveness of B. cinerea was high in all three hosts and varied among the tested isolates. Spore inoculations were conducted on greenhouse-grown dry pea, lentil and chickpea plants using one sporulating isolate each of B. cinerea, B. prunorum, and Botrytis sp.1. Results indicated that these isolates were pathogenic on the tested hosts. This study illustrates that many species of Botrytis are associated with pulse crop seed in Montana and can be aggressive on multiple crops, which may have implications for disease management.

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First report of gray mold of chickpea caused by Botrytis euroamericana in the USA

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Positive Selection of Transcription Factors Is a Prominent Feature of the Evolution of a Plant Pathogenic Genus Originating in the Miocene

Positive Selection of Transcription Factors Is a Prominent Feature of the Evolution of a Plant Pathogenic Genus Originating in the Miocene

Evaluation of pathogenicity of Botrytis species isolated from different legumes

Identification and Prevalence of Seedborne Botrytis spp. in Dry Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea in Montana

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