First Report of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Domestic Pigs in Nigeria

Owolodun, Olajide Adewale; Gerber, Priscilla F.; Giménez-Lirola, Luis; Kwaga, Jacob K. P.; Opriessnig, Tanja

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0144

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We noted high anti-HEV seropositivity in this study of 47.7% similarly to the 43.2% that was previously reported in the North and West regions of Cameroon [12], confirming that pigs are indeed a main reservoir for HEV. We noted anti-HEV IgM and IgG seropositivity of 21.0% and 17.7% respectively which is higher than reports from Nigeria and Mexico and lower than reports from Madagascar and Scotland [2,10,14,15]. These differences could be explained, at least partly, by the different pig husbandry systems, the routine management and hygiene practices applied on these pig farms and environmental conditions that characterize various areas [16].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Serological and molecular investigation of hepatitis E virus in pigs reservoirs from Cameroon reveals elevated seroprevalence and presence of genotype 3

et al. 2020

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BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen of which pigs have been established as reservoirs. In the present study, we investigated the presence of HEV among pigs in the Center and Littoral regions of Cameroon and performed the molecular characterization of positive strains. MethodologyA total of 453 serum and stool samples were randomly collected from pigs in slaughterhouses in Obala, Douala and Yaounde. All samples were examined for the presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA assays. IgM positive stool samples were tested for HEV RNA using an RT-PCR assay, followed by a nested PCR assay for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. ResultsOverall, 216 samples (47.7%, 95% CI: 43.1%-52.3%) were positive for at least one of the serological markers of HEV infection. Amongst these, 21.0% were positives for anti-HEV IgM, 17.7% for anti-HEV IgG, and 9.1% for both. A total of eight stool samples (5.9%) were positive for HEV RNA by nested RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the retrieved sequences clustered within HEV genotype 3. ConclusionThis study shows a high prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies and the circulation of genotype 3 in the swine population in Cameroon. Subsequent studies will be needed to elucidate the zoonotic transmission of HEV from pigs to humans in Cameroon.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Serological and molecular investigation of hepatitis E virus in pigs reservoirs from Cameroon reveals elevated seroprevalence and presence of genotype 3

et al. 2020

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“…The HEV sequence, identified in this Burkinabe pig, was clustered with an African sequence of genotype 3 HEV from Yaounde (Cameroun) and Madagascar and had a > 98% similarity but was very different from the Nigerian strains as shown by BLAST analysis. 15 The phylogenetic analysis of the swine HEV-Burkina sequence, together with retrieved sequences and reference sequences, showed that the Burkinabe sequence is related to swine HEV strains from Cameroun and Madagascar but not from Congo (bootstrap value = 85; Figure 2). Addition of other published swine HEV sequences showed that our strain is part of a group of sequence with no subtype or geographical origin cluster (Supplemental Figure 1).…”

Section: -14mentioning

confidence: 98%

Hepatitis E Virus Exposure is Increased in Pork Butchers from Burkina Faso

Traoré¹,

Ouoba²,

Huot³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We conducted the first survey of zoonotic risk of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmissions in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, through the direct contact with pork meat during professional activity. Anti-HEV antibodies were more prevalent in pork butchers, 76% than in the general population, which was 47.8% in 2013 (odds ratio = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.85-4.21, P < 0.001). Among slaughter-aged swine, HEV seroprevalence was of 80%, and HEV RNA was detected in 1% of pork livers. Phylogenetic analysis pointed out HEV genotype 3. Thus, in addition to possible HEV contamination through the water source, as in endemic region, zoonotic transmissions of HEV probably occur in west Africa.Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute or fulminant hepatitis in humans occurring in many areas of the world.

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“…HEV1 and HEV2 infect only humans, while HEV3 and HEV4 also infect several mammalian species such as domestic pigs, wild boar, rabbit, deer, rat, and mongoose [ 4 ]. HEV3 strains infecting swine, rabbits, and humans have been described from the Americas, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and recently Africa [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Strains belonging to HEV4 have mainly been found in Asia, but recently also in Europe [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers for Ongoing or Previous Hepatitis E Virus Infection Are as Common in Wild Ungulates as in Humans in Sweden

Roth

Lin

Magnius³

et al. 2016

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a human pathogen with zoonotic spread, infecting both domestic and wild animals. About 17% of the Swedish population is immune to HEV, but few cases are reported annually, indicating that most infections are subclinical. However, clinical hepatitis E may also be overlooked. For identified cases, the source of infection is mostly unknown. In order to identify whether HEV may be spread from wild game, the prevalence of markers for past and/or ongoing infection was investigated in sera and stool samples collected from 260 hunted Swedish wild ungulates. HEV markers were found in 43 (17%) of the animals. The most commonly infected animal was moose (Alces alces) with 19 out of 69 animals (28%) showing HEV markers, followed by wild boar (Sus scrofa) with 21 out of 139 animals (15%), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) with 2 out of 30 animals, red deer (Cervus elaphus) with 1 out of 15 animals, and fallow deer (Dama dama) 0 out of 7 animals. Partial open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of the viral genomes from the animals were sequenced and compared with those from 14 endemic human cases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three humans were infected with HEV strains similar to those from wild boar. These results indicate that wild animals may be a source of transmission to humans and could be an unrecognized public health concern.

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First Report of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Domestic Pigs in Nigeria

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Serological and molecular investigation of hepatitis E virus in pigs reservoirs from Cameroon reveals elevated seroprevalence and presence of genotype 3

Serological and molecular investigation of hepatitis E virus in pigs reservoirs from Cameroon reveals elevated seroprevalence and presence of genotype 3

Hepatitis E Virus Exposure is Increased in Pork Butchers from Burkina Faso

Markers for Ongoing or Previous Hepatitis E Virus Infection Are as Common in Wild Ungulates as in Humans in Sweden

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