First report of highly pathogenic Echinococcus granulosus genotype G1 in dogs in a European urban environment

Laurimaa, Leidi; Davison, John; Süld, Karmen; Plumer, Liivi; Oja, Ragne; Moks, Epp; Keis, Marju; Hindrikson, Maris; Kinkar, Liina; Laurimäe, Teivi; Abner, Jaana; Remm, Jaanus; Anijalg, Peeter; Saarma, Urmas

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0796-3

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Over the past decade, the epidemiology of echinococcosis has achieved significant advances based on molecular assays [24, 25], including the copro-PCR technique for the detection of E. granulosus ( s.l .) in canids [26–29]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First molecular identification of Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) G1 revealed in feces of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Acre, Brazil

et al. 2017

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Background Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) (s.l.) and Echinococcus vogeli are causative agents of chronic zoonotic diseases such as cystic and polycystic echinococcosis, respectively. In Brazil, polycystic echinococcosis has a restricted geographical distribution in the North Region, while cystic echinococcosis is observed in the South Region. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) fed with raw viscera represent a risk factor for E. granulosus (s.l.) infection in the South Region. Although this practice is frequent, it remains unclear whether domestic dogs are infected with E. vogeli in the state of Acre, located in the Amazon basin in the North Region of Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate this gap in the polycystic echinococcosis epidemiology.MethodsSixty-five fecal samples were collected from the ground in five municipalities (Sena Madureira, n = 14; Rio Branco, n = 06; Bujari, n = 06; Xapuri, n = 30; and Epitaciolândia, n = 09) located in the state of Acre, northern Brazil. The samples were screened for parasites by copro-PCR using the cox1 gene associated with automated sequencing.Results Echinococcus vogeli was molecularly confirmed in a sample from Sena Madureira and E. granulosus (sensu stricto) (s.s.) (G1) in a sample from Rio Branco.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that molecular assays are useful in typing Echinococcus taxa from fecal samples of dogs in northern Brazil. The present study is the first molecular record of E. vogeli in domestic dogs found in the state of Acre, reinforcing their role as a source of infection for humans. Because E. granulosus (s.s.) (G1) was detected for the first time in the North Region, from the epidemiological standpoint this finding is highly relevant, because it expands the known geographical distribution, which was previously restricted to the South Region of Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, molecular studies with greater epidemiological coverage have suggested using the copro-PCR technique to detect E. granulosus ( s.l .) in canids [26–29]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular identification of Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) G1 revealed in feces of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Acre, Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…The life cycle of the parasite involves mainly dogs and wild carnivores as definitive hosts and a wide range of domestic and wild mammals as intermediate hosts, but also humans as aberrant intermediate host (e.g. Eckert et al 2001;Moks et al 2006Moks et al , 2008Deplazes et al 2011;Laurimaa et al 2015a). CE is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases in humans, ranking second in the list of food-borne parasites globally (FAO/WHO report, Infection, Genetics and Evolution 52 (2017) 52-58 2014) and representing one of the 17 Neglected Tropical Diseases prioritised by the World Health Organization (Daumerie et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New mitogenome and nuclear evidence on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the highly zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto

Kinkar

Laurimäe

Sharbatkhori

et al. 2017

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Cystic echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.), is a significant global public health concern. Echinococcus granulosus s. l. is currently divided into numerous genotypes (G1-G8 and G10) of which G1-G3 are the most frequently implicated genotypes in human infections. Although it has been suggested that G1-G3 could be regarded as a distinct species E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.), the evidence to support this is inconclusive. Most importantly, data from nuclear DNA that provide means to investigate the exchange of genetic material between G1-G3 is lacking as none of the published nuclear DNA studies have explicitly included G2 or G3. Moreover, the commonly used relatively short mtDNA sequences, including the complete cox1 gene, have not allowed unequivocal differentiation of genotypes G1-G3. Therefore, significantly longer mtDNA sequences are required to distinguish these genotypes with confidence. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the phylogenetic relations and taxonomy of genotypes G1-G3 using sequences of nearly complete mitogenomes (11,443bp) and three nuclear loci (2984bp). A total of 23 G1-G3 samples were analysed, originating from 5 intermediate host species in 10 countries. The mtDNA data demonstrate that genotypes G1 and G3 are distinct mitochondrial genotypes (separated by 37 mutations), whereas G2 is not a separate genotype or even a monophyletic cluster, but belongs to G3. Nuclear data revealed no genetic separation of G1 and G3, suggesting that these genotypes form a single species due to ongoing gene flow. We conclude that: (a) in the taxonomic sense, genotypes G1 and G3 can be treated as a single species E. granulosus s. s.; (b) genotypes G1 and G3 should be regarded as distinct genotypes only in the context of mitochondrial data; (c) we recommend excluding G2 from the genotype list.

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“…The hydatid cyst, the metacestode larval stage consisting of a fluid-filled cyst, could develop in different organs, mainly liver and/or lungs, and may remain asymptomatic for years [19,20]. Occasionally humans [3,[21][22][23][24] and rarely other species, as carnivores [25], could act as aberrant hosts, though representing an epidemiological dead end.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a one-step PCR assay for the molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto G1–G3 genotype

et al. 2019

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The Italian National Reference Center for Echinococcosis (CeNRE, Sassari, Italy) set up a diagnostic protocol of "one-step-PCR" useful for the detection of E. granulosus sensu stricto (E.g.s.s.) and the identification of its genotype (G1-G3). The purpose of this work was to perform the validation of the "PCR E.g.s.s." method. The procedures were performed employing the criteria of the World Organization for Animal Health as well as of the Italian Accreditation Body (ACCREDIA) based on the Regulation UNI CEI EN ISO/IEC 17025. Positive DNA samples belonging to E. granulosus, E. ortleppi, E. multilocularis, E. canadensis species were used for the experiments. Analytical specificity evidenced primer pairs Cal (Calreticulin l gene of 1001 bp) with an specificity higher respect to Ef1 (Elongation-Factor 1 Alpha gene of 706 bp) and NAD (Dehydrogenase-subunit 1 gene of 219 bp). The analytical sensitivity presented the capability to detect a very low amount of parasite DNA corresponding to a concentration of 12.5 pg/µl; accuracy and precision related to the operator performance, along with repeatability and reproducibility, evidenced high concordance among results and demonstrated an excellent κ values of Cohen. According to the good performance related to the evaluated parameters, the method "PCR E.g.s.s." was suitable for the validation procedure, and consequently, to be undergone to the accreditation process. In conclusion, the results demonstrated an elevated robustness and reliable features of the "PCR E.g.s.s." able to perform a rapid diagnosis of E. granulosus in only "one step", hence, it is likely to avoid the sequencing step.

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First report of highly pathogenic Echinococcus granulosus genotype G1 in dogs in a European urban environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

First molecular identification of Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) G1 revealed in feces of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Acre, Brazil

First molecular identification of Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) G1 revealed in feces of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Acre, Brazil

New mitogenome and nuclear evidence on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the highly zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto

Validation of a one-step PCR assay for the molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto G1–G3 genotype

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