First Report of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma asteris’ Associated with Witches’ Brooms on Sharp-Flowered Rush (<i>Juncus acutiflorus</i>) in Poland

Jarzembowski, Paweł; Komorowska, B.; Ptaszek, M.; Faltyn, Anna; Proćków, Jarosław

doi:10.1094/pdis-03-18-0383-pdn

Plant Disease

2018

DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0383-pdn

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First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ Associated with Witches’ Brooms on Sharp-Flowered Rush (Juncus acutiflorus) in Poland

Paweł Jarzembowski

B. Komorowska

M. Ptaszek

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Phytoplasmas ('Candidatus Phytoplasma') are unculturable, cell wall-less bacteria that are taxonomically classified as class Mollicutes (Bertaccini 2007), and plant pathogens that have been associated with economically and ecologically important plant hosts worldwide (Jarzembowski et al 2018). Phytoplasmas are classified into groups and subgroups based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of their 16S rRNA-encoding loci with a set of seventeen endonucleases (Lee et al 1998(Lee et al , 2000.…”

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“…Phytoplasmas are classified into groups and subgroups based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of their 16S rRNA-encoding loci with a set of seventeen endonucleases (Lee et al 1998(Lee et al , 2000. In Saudi Arabia the number of plant hosts affected by phytoplasmas have increased drastically, which might be associated with the increasing number of studies focused on the identification of the pathogen (Omar 2016(Omar , 2017Omar et al 2017;Pérez-López et al 2018). Symptomatic palm trees showing yellowing followed by dryness were observed the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.…”

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16SrII phytoplasma associated with date palm and Mexican fan palm in Saudi Arabia

Omar

Alsohim

Rehan

et al. 2018

Australasian Plant Dis. Notes

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Date palm and Mexican fan palm trees showing symptoms previously associated with phytoplasmas were observed in the Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia in 2017. DNA amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of a 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia'-related strain in eighteen of the eighty-three symptomatic plants collected that were positive using 16S-based assays. This study confirmed the presence of phytoplasma affecting date palms in Saudi Arabia and it is the first report of several date palm cultivars associated with 'Ca. P. australasia'-related strains. This is also the first report worldwide of Mexican fan palm trees affected by 16SrII phytoplasma strains and the first report of this plant host affected by phytoplasmas in Saudi Arabia. The implications of these findings are vital to implement management strategies and avoid economic losses in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East, which are the main producers of dates in the world. Keywords 16SrII. Middle East. Bacteriology. Phytopathology. Palm trees Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a member of the family Arecaceae, and one of the most economically important crops in Saudi Arabia, with 107,281 ha cultivated, more than 25 million of trees and an annual production of 1.132.887 t of dates (Statistical year book 2016). After the Riyadh region, the Qassim region is the second bigger producer of dates in Saudi Arabia with 39.301 ha cultivated and a production of almost 190.000 t per year (Ministry of Agriculture 2011). Around 29 cultivars of date palms are used by the farmers in the Qassim region (Aleid et al. 2015), but also in the area there are very common ornamental palms such as the Mexican fan palm (Washingtonia robusta), which are native to northwestern Mexico but are used worldwide as ornamental plants. The

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16SrII phytoplasma associated with date palm and Mexican fan palm in Saudi Arabia

Omar

Alsohim

Rehan

et al. 2018

Australasian Plant Dis. Notes

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Five decades of research on phytoplasma-induced witches’ broom diseases

Hemmati

Nikooei

Al-Sadi³

2020

CABI Reviews

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Phytoplasmas, prokaryotic wall-less microorganisms, are important pathogens of several plant species in most parts of the world. Phytoplasmas have been reported associated with various symptoms on hundreds of plant species. Witches' broom disease (WBD) is one of the most common disease symptoms, which is caused by phytoplasma strains belonging to different phytoplasma groups. Symptoms of the disease differ from one host to the other as well as from one phytoplasma strain to the other. However, WBD symptoms are usually characterized by the production of a large number of small leaves, accompanied in some host plants by the production of several branches/shoots. Phytoplasma strains belonging to more than 13 groups and 39 subgroups have been reported associated with WBD in more than 116 plant species. Most of the phytoplasma strains causing WBD symptoms in plant species belong to the 16SrII and 16SrI groups, mainly 16SrII-D and 16SrI-B subgroups. The current review provides information on the different types of phytoplasma strains associated with WBD symptoms in ornamental plants, medicinal plants, forest trees, weeds, vegetable crops, field crops, and fruit trees. Emphasis is on WBD on acid limes, almonds, peanuts, jujube, and cassava that have resulted in significant economic losses in different countries. Description of the symptoms, phytoplasma groups, and management options is also provided for some of the diseases.

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First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ Associated with Witches’ Brooms on Sharp-Flowered Rush (Juncus acutiflorus) in Poland

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

16SrII phytoplasma associated with date palm and Mexican fan palm in Saudi Arabia

16SrII phytoplasma associated with date palm and Mexican fan palm in Saudi Arabia

Five decades of research on phytoplasma-induced witches’ broom diseases

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