First Report of Clover yellow vein virus on Glycine max in Korea

Abstract

Glycine max (Soybean) is the most important edible crop in Korea. In Korea, eight viruses have been reported to infect soybean, including Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV), Soybean yellow mottle virus (SYMMV), and Peanut stunt virus (PSV) (1). In 2012, Glycine max were observed in Daegu, South Korea, with mosaic and mottling symptoms on leaves. Samples with virus-like symptoms (n = 151) were collected from Daegu including legume genetic resource field. Virus particles were filamentous rod shaped, average length 760 nm, and were analyzed by RT-PCR using specific primers for several Potyviruses and previously reported viruses infecting soybean. Only two samples showing mosaic and mottling symptoms were identified as Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) based on RT-PCR using primers specific for ClYVV (5′-GTTGGCTTGGTTGACACTGA-3′ and 5′-CTTCGATCATGGATGCACA-3′). The sequences of amplified fragments were 97 to 98% similar with ClYVV. ClYVV is a distinct species in the genus Potyvirus and family Potyviridae. ClYVV is transmitted by several species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation (2). ClYVV was first reported on Gentiana scabra, and the disease has never been reported in soybean fields in Korea. The biological properties and full genome sequence of the selected ClYVV isolate of apparent virus symptoms between two samples were analyzed. The ClYVV isolate was inoculated to local lesion plants, re-isolated from local lesions three times, and propagated in Nicotiana benthamiana, and then named ClYVV-Gm. The ClYVV-Gm induced local lesions on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, Tetragonia expansa, and systemic symptoms on upper leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, and N. clevelandii. The ClYVV-Gm caused mosaic and mottling symptoms on Glycine max cv. Kwangan and Phaseolus vulgaris. The genome of ClYVV-Gm was determined to be 9,584 nucleotides in length (GenBank Accession No. KF975894), and it shared 83% to 97% nucleotide identity with the sequences of 27 previously reported ClYVV isolates including Vicia fava and Pisum sativum. Despite low occurrence of ClYVV in Glycine max, ClYVV has a broad host range including tobacco, weed species, and soybean, which can lead to spreading of the virus. Our results indicate that emergence of ClYVV could become a problem to Leguminosae in Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first biological and molecular report of ClYVV infecting Glycine max in Korea. References: (1) Y. H. Lee et al. Korea Soybean Digest 29:7, 2012. (2) T. Sasaya et al. Phytopathology 87:1014, 1997.

Soybean Viromes in the Republic of Korea Revealed by RT-PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing

“…The obtained complete genome sequence of WVMV isolate JEBU was very different from that from wisteria species [ 38 ]. Although several other viruses, including alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), and clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), infecting soybean plants have been identified in Korea [ 39 ], we did not find any viral sequences associated with those viruses, suggesting that they are not major viruses infecting soybean in Korea.…”

Detection and discovery of plant viruses in soybean by metagenomic sequencing

“…The two ClYVV isolates were detected in fields in two different counties in central and southeastern Iowa, USA in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that ClYVV IA-2016 and ClYVV IA-2017 shared 96.5% nt sequence identity and were most closely related to ClYVV I89-1 (Japan) and ClYVV-Gm (South Korea), the latter of which was also found in soybean [ 24 ].…”

“…Of particular interest is clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), a potyvirus that is primarily known to cause important diseases in forage legumes [ 23 ]. ClYVV was recently reported in field-grown soybeans in South Korea, and a partial genome was found in an RNA sequencing study performed with soybean samples collected in Ohio, USA [ 24 , 25 ]. Although soybean is not normally considered as a host to ClYVV, a recent report showed wild soybeans ( Glycine soja ) were susceptible to ClYVV in contrast to cultivated soybeans ( Glycine max ) that were resistant to the ClYVV isolates tested [ 26 ].…”

Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Monopartite Mastrevirus, Soybean Geminivirus B, Isolated from Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

“…Of these, the soybean mosaic virus (SMV), the soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV), and the soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV) have been identified as major viruses infecting soybean in Korea [7]. Other viruses infecting soybean in Korea include the peanut mottle virus (PeMV), the soybean dwarf virus, the clover yellow vein virus, the bean common mosaic virus, the peanut stunt virus, the tomato spotted wilt virus, and the bean common mosaic necrosis virus [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Although various RNA viruses infecting soybean have been identified, none of the DNA viruses infecting soybean have been reported in Korea.…”