First report of <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i> causing ash dieback in Spain

Stroheker, Sophie; Queloz, Valentin; Nemesio‐Gorriz, Miguel

doi:10.1002/ndr2.12054

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…5-year rotation from 2013 onwards. No defoliation assessements on ash Poland East 19 90 690 1992 Romania East 34 142 2347 2005 Russia East 5 20 48 2003 No data submission after 2011 Serbia South 16 137 1604 2015 Slovakia East 12 130 3258 2004 Slovenia South 5 7 42 2006 Spain South 12 117 1916 2021 27 Sweden North 11 67 567 2001 No data submission 2007–2008. 5-year rotation from 2009 onwards.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the fact that the infection history of Southern Europe is still short and therefore may have caused higher survival, abiotic reasons such as higher temperatures, lower rainfall and generally drier site condtions could have contributed as well as they may inhibit fungal growth 21 , 26 . Nevertheless, H. Fraxineus was very recently also identified for the first time on ash trees in north-western Spain 27 and therefore we have to asume that the disease is still in its most infantile stage in the Southern region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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European-wide forest monitoring substantiate the neccessity for a joint conservation strategy to rescue European ash species (Fraxinus spp.)

George

Sanders

Timmermann

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and narrow-leafed ash (F. angustifolia) are keystone forest tree species with a broad ecological amplitude and significant economic importance. Besides global warming both species are currently under significant threat by an invasive fungal pathogen that has been spreading progressively throughout the continent for almost three decades. Ash dieback caused by the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is capable of damaging ash trees of all age classes and often ultimately leads to the death of a tree after years of progressively developing crown defoliation. While studies at national and regional level already suggested rapid decline of ash populations as a result of ash dieback, a comprehensive survey at European level with harmonized crown assessment data across countries could shed more light into the population decline from a pan-European perspective and could also pave the way for a new conservation strategy beyond national boarders. Here we present data from the ICP Forests Level I crown condition monitoring from 27 countries resulting in > 36,000 observations. We found a substantial increase in defoliation and mortality over time indicating that crown defoliation has almost doubled during the last three decades. Hotspots of mortality are currently situated in southern Scandinavia and north-eastern Europe. Overall survival probability after nearly 30 years of infection has already reached a critical value of 0.51, but with large differences among regions (0.20–0.86). Both a Cox proportional hazard model as well as an Aalen additive regression model strongly suggest that survival of ash is significantly lower in locations with excessive water regime and which experienced more extreme precipitation events during the last two decades. Our results underpin the necessity for fast governmental action and joint rescue efforts beyond national borders since overall mean defoliation will likely reach 50% as early as 2030 as suggested by time series forecasting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

European-wide forest monitoring substantiate the neccessity for a joint conservation strategy to rescue European ash species (Fraxinus spp.)

George

Sanders

Timmermann

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…e dieback of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), caused by the sexual stage of the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz & Hosoya, is a destructive disease that leads to the high mortality of trees in Poland as well as in other European countries (Klesse et al, 2021;Stroheker et al, 2021). e cryostorage of dormant seeds of this tree species in gene banks is possible (Chmielarz, 2009a).…”

Section: Cryopreservation Of Orthodox and Suborthodox Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Cryobanks: Research and Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources

et al. 2022

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To date, the use of liquid nitrogen (LN) in plant gene banks is relatively limited. Globally, in 2021, approximately 10,000 accessions were cryopreserved, and their explants were derived from in vitro plants. In Europe, out of 500 banks, only 20 use cryogenic temperatures to store plant germplasms. The implementation of seven conservation projects in Poland starting in the 1990s meant that the gene banking system in this country began to gradually develop. Plant gene bank is mainly based on the collection of seeds and makes little use of plant tissues, including those from in vitro culture. From the point of view of systematics, plant material belonging to spermatophytes dominates in Polish gene banks, while spore plants are rarely represented. This review represents the first summary of gene cryobank activities and resources in Poland. It contains a brief overview of the ex situ plant protection programs aimed at the use of LN and presents the characteristics of four existing gene cryobanks in this country. Special attention is devoted to the presentation of studies on the cryopreservation of seeds, as well as of plant tissues, such as embryonic axes and plumules of trees, and fern gametophytes, that make a permanent contribution to gene bank resources.

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“…Having competent well-trained foresters is, therefore, a prerequisite for successful management and long-term survival (Pankhurst 2013), particularly to restore lapsed pollards which require a more sophisticated treatment (Read et al 2013(Read et al , 2021. Ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral et al) is also a concern for ash populations in Spain, including F. angustifolia, with potential impact in pollard populations, as the recent report of the presence of the pathogen in Spain remarks (Stroheker et al 2021). Moreover, to recover and preserve pollarded stands, managers should be able to access site history for the trees especially if the last pollarding date is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

250-Year reconstruction of pollarding events reveals sharp management changes in Iberian ash woodlands

Candel-Pérez

Hernández‐Alonso

Castro³

et al. 2022

Trees

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Key message Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals traditional management cessation in 1970 and property-specific management patterns. Abstract Tree pollarding was a dominant management strategy of European forests for centuries creating open agroforestry landscapes with important cultural and environmental values. This traditional practice has been widely abandoned in last decades with a subsequent impact in terms of biodiversity and cultural loss. Central Spain hosts the largest and best-preserved area of pollarded narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) woodlands in Europe. The main aim of this research is to obtain rigorous historical records of pollarding frequency to get adequate information for traditional ash management. We used dendrochronological techniques to evaluate temporal changes of pollarding frequency and rotation length. We analysed the stand level synchrony and the effect of land property on pollarding activity from 322 trees growing in eight pollard stands in Central Spain. Pollarding events were unequivocally identified at tree level by a characteristic change in growth pattern. We identified 2426 tree-level pruning events with the first event dated in 1777. Historical pruning recurrence ranged between 5 and 10 years with higher pollarding frequency on private lands. Pruning events within each site were synchronous, suggesting the existence of a rotational schema within each stand. Pruning frequency decreased drastically in the 1970s matching with the depopulation of rural areas and the general abandonment of traditional practices. Pollarding practices have recovered in recent decades although with lower intensity and lacking the synchronic historical patterns. Providing technical and economic support to make this traditional activity profitably would have strong environmental revenue due the multiple ecosystem services provided by pollarded ashes.

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First report of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causing ash dieback in Spain

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

European-wide forest monitoring substantiate the neccessity for a joint conservation strategy to rescue European ash species (Fraxinus spp.)

European-wide forest monitoring substantiate the neccessity for a joint conservation strategy to rescue European ash species (Fraxinus spp.)

Polish Cryobanks: Research and Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources

250-Year reconstruction of pollarding events reveals sharp management changes in Iberian ash woodlands

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