First report of<i>Litomosa</i>spp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from malagasy bats; review of the genus and relationships between species

Martin, Coralie; Bain, O.; Jouvenet, Nolwenn; Raharimanga, Vaomalala; Robert, Vincent; Rousset, Dominique

doi:10.1051/parasite/2006131003

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The present study provides an overview of filarial nematodes and insight into the evolutionary processes that led to the current associations of bats and their helminth parasites. Although a few studies on Malagasy bat ectoparasites [ 38 ] and endoparasites have been published [ 30 , 32 ], information regarding parasites circulating in the island’s bat fauna is incomplete. Some insights have been presented on ectoparasites and viruses of Malagasy bats [ 15 , 38 ] and different ongoing work on viruses, bacteria, and haemosporidian parasites of the same individual bats used in this study will provide a broad-scale understanding of their associated pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy Bats

et al. 2016

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We investigated filarial infection in Malagasy bats to gain insights into the diversity of these parasites and explore the factors shaping their distribution. Samples were obtained from 947 individual bats collected from 52 sites on Madagascar and representing 31 of the 44 species currently recognized on the island. Samples were screened for the presence of micro- and macro-parasites through both molecular and morphological approaches. Phylogenetic analyses showed that filarial diversity in Malagasy bats formed three main groups, the most common represented by Litomosa spp. infecting Miniopterus spp. (Miniopteridae); a second group infecting Pipistrellus cf. hesperidus (Vespertilionidae) embedded within the Litomosoides cluster, which is recognized herein for the first time from Madagascar; and a third group composed of lineages with no clear genetic relationship to both previously described filarial nematodes and found in M. griveaudi, Myotis goudoti, Neoromicia matroka (Vespertilionidae), Otomops madagascariensis (Molossidae), and Paratriaenops furculus (Hipposideridae). We further analyzed the infection rates and distribution pattern of Litomosa spp., which was the most diverse and prevalent filarial taxon in our sample. Filarial infection was disproportionally more common in males than females in Miniopterus spp., which might be explained by some aspect of roosting behavior of these cave-dwelling bats. We also found marked geographic structure in the three Litomosa clades, mainly linked to bioclimatic conditions rather than host-parasite associations. While this study demonstrates distinct patterns of filarial nematode infection in Malagasy bats and highlights potential drivers of associated geographic distributions, future work should focus on their alpha taxonomy and characterize arthropod vectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, a new species of filaria, L . goodmani Martin, Bain, Jouvenet, Raharimanga, Robert & Rousset, 2006, was described based on morphology [ 30 ]. The holotype of this nematode was recovered from M .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy Bats

et al. 2016

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“…In L. hepatica the body of the microfilaria is not folded as is usual in species of Litomosa (Petit, 1980; Guerrero et al , 2002; Martin et al , 2006; Junker et al , 2009). In fact, the two species from megachiropterans display several morphological particularities not found in species of Litomosa parasitic in microchiropterans.…”

Section: Morphological Analysis Of the Type Materials And Taxonomic Cmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In fact, the two species from megachiropterans display several morphological particularities not found in species of Litomosa parasitic in microchiropterans. Based on the long oesophagus, the arrangement of caudal papillae and the simple shape of the right spicule, Martin et al (2006) suggested that L. maki from megachiropterans represented a primitive line in Litomosa . This is further supported by the number (8) and arrangement (far from mouth) of head papillae, in both species.…”

Section: Morphological Analysis Of the Type Materials And Taxonomic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of types of some species of “Filaria” (Nematoda) parasites of small mammals described by von Linstow and Molin

Guerrero

Bain

2011

Parasite

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Parasitic nematodes from the Berlin (ZMB) and Vienna (NMW) Museum collections referred to the genus Filaria Mueller, 1787 by von Linstow or Molin were studied. Three samples were in good condition and the specimens redescribed. Litomosa hepatica (von Linstow, 1897) n. comb., sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa 3368, from the megachiropteran Pteropus neohibernicus, Bismarck Archipelago, resembles L. maki Tibayrenc, Bain & Ramanchandran, 1979, from Pteropus vampyrus, in Malaysia, but the buccal capsule differs. Both species display particular morphological characters which differ from species of Litomosa parasitic in microchiropterans. The remaining material originates from Brazil. The spicule morphology of Litomosoides circularis (von Linstow, 1899) Chandler, 1931, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa 1059 from Hesperomys spec. (= Holochilus brasiliensis), Porto Alegre, confirms that it belongs to the sigmodontis group; the microfilaria presents characters of the genus Litomosoides, e.g. body attenuated at both extremities and salient cephalic hook. Taxonomic discussions by others confirm that species of Litomosoides belonging to the sigmodontis group and described subsequently are distinct from L. circularis. Litomosoides serpicula (Molin, 1858) Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain, 2002, is redescribed, sample NMW 6323 from the bat Phyllostoma spiculatum (= Sturnira lilium), Ypanema. It is very close to L. brasiliensis Almeida, 1936, type host Moytis sp., but distinguished by a single ring in the buccal capsule, rather than two, supporting previous conclusions that the taxon L. brasiliensis, as generally regarded, may represent a complex of species. Samples NMW 6322 and NMW 6324, from other bats and also identified by Molin (1858) as Filaria serpicula, contain unidentifiable fragments of Litomosoides incertae sedis. Filaria hyalina von Linstow, 1890, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3905 from Sorex vulgaris (= Sorex araneus), is incertae sedis because it contains two unidentifiable posterior parts of male, which might be an acuarid, Stammerinema sp. Filaria vesperuginis von Linstow, 1885, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3929, from the bat Vesperugo serotinus (= Eptesicus serotinus), contains encysted nematode larvae and is a nomen dubium.

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“…Thirty-four genera of nematodes have been described 44 and Litomosa and Litomosoides (Onchocercidae) are the best known. 45 In Africa, bats, including cave-dwelling taxa, 46 are infected mainly by parasites of the Litomosa genus, but few cases of infections by Litomosoides have also been reported. 45 Infections by Litomosa spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and role of cave-dwelling hematophagous insects in pathogen transmission in the Afrotropical region

Obame-Nkoghe

Leroy

Paupy

2017

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The progressive anthropization of caves for food resources or economic purposes increases human exposure to pathogens that naturally infect cave-dwelling animals. The presence of wild or domestic animals in the immediate surroundings of caves also may contribute to increasing the risk of emergence of such pathogens. Some zoonotic pathogens are transmitted through direct contact, but many others require arthropod vectors, such as blood-feeding insects. In Africa, hematophagous insects often play a key role in the epidemiology of many pathogens; however, their ecology in cave habitats remains poorly known. During the last decades, several investigations carried out in Afrotropical caves suggested the medical and veterinary importance particularly of insect taxa of the Diptera order. Therefore, the role of some of these insects as vectors of pathogens that infect cave-dwelling vertebrates has been studied. The present review summarizes these findings, brings insights into the diversity of cave-dwelling hematophagous Diptera and their involvement in pathogen transmission, and finally discusses new challenges and future research directions.

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First report ofLitomosaspp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from malagasy bats; review of the genus and relationships between species

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy Bats

Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy Bats

Study of types of some species of “Filaria” (Nematoda) parasites of small mammals described by von Linstow and Molin

Diversity and role of cave-dwelling hematophagous insects in pathogen transmission in the Afrotropical region

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