First Report of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TTKTT in Ethiopia

Hei, Netsanet Bacha; Tsegaab, T.; Getaneh, W; Girma, Tsegaye; Obsa, C.; Seyoum, Amare; Zerihun, E.; Nazari, K.; Kurtulus, Ezgi; Kavaz, Handan; Özseven, İzzet; Yoseph, A.

doi:10.1094/pdis-09-19-1825-pdn

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…For example, CMV does not naturally occur on cassava in South America but moved into cassava in Africa from an unknown host following uptake of cassava as a major food crop there (21). A change in pathogenesis or virulence of an endemic strain can occur, as exemplified by the recent alarm over a new race of the wheat stem rust pathogen in Ethiopia (race TTKTT) with a very high combination of virulence genes and a new race in Sicily that could overcome resistance in a widely grown European cultivars of wheat (25,26). Newly evolved plant pathogenic species can also occur through interspecific hybridization or mutations within existing pathogen lineages, as illustrated by the emergence of Phytophthora andina in South America and Phytophthora alni in the United Kingdom (27,28).…”

Section: Why Do Plant Pathogens Emerge?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics to global food security

Ristaino

Anderson

Bebber

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

435

204

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Plant disease outbreaks are increasing and threaten food security for the vulnerable in many areas of the world. Now a global human pandemic is threatening the health of millions on our planet. A stable, nutritious food supply will be needed to lift people out of poverty and improve health outcomes. Plant diseases, both endemic and recently emerging, are spreading and exacerbated by climate change, transmission with global food trade networks, pathogen spillover, and evolution of new pathogen lineages. In order to tackle these grand challenges, a new set of tools that include disease surveillance and improved detection technologies including pathogen sensors and predictive modeling and data analytics are needed to prevent future outbreaks. Herein, we describe an integrated research agenda that could help mitigate future plant disease pandemics.

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Section: Why Do Plant Pathogens Emerge?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics to global food security

Ristaino

Anderson

Bebber

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

435

204

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“…TKKTF was reported in Germany and was among the races that caused an unusual wheat stem rust outbreak in 2013/14 cropping season [6]. TTKTT race was first reported in Ethiopia in 2018 from commercial wheat cultivars Shorima, Huluka, Ogolcho, Hidase, and Danda'a [3]. It has the most virulence combination of all Ug99 (TTKSK) race groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia in 2019/2020

Gutu¹,

Tadesse²,

Bacha³

et al. 2022

AJAF

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Wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp tritici is constant biotic constraint of wheat production across the world. Because of quick alteration of genetic makeup of wheat stem rust pathogen; monitoring shift in virulence within pathogen is crucial to avoid sudden occurrence of epidemics due race change. This study was to identify physiological races stem rust pathogen in Ethiopia during 2019 cropping season. Wheat stem rust samples were collected during 2019 main cropping season from major wheat growing areas of Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples regions of Ethiopia. Besides, samples were also collected from Afar region where wheat was grown by irrigation during off season. The samples where isolated on universally wheat stem rust susceptible line (McNair) for the sake of mono pustule isolation and multiplication to have sufficient spores. Each isolates where inoculated on twenty standard differential lines and each line was evaluated after fourteen days to determine the races. Eight stem rust races namely, TKKTF, TKTTF, TTTTF, TKKTT, TTKTT, TTRTF, TKPTF and TTKTF were identified from samples analyzed; TKKTF was identified from 175 (44.1%) stem rust isolates, while TTTTF was detected from 73 (18.4) samples analyzed. In addition, TKTTF was isolated from 70 (17.8%) samples; however, TTKTF, TTKTT, TTRTF, TKPTF and TKKTT were recorded from 48 (12.1%), 21 (5.3%), 4 (1%), 1 (0.25%) and 1 (0.25%) samples analyzed in the season. TTKTT races have 95% virulence spectra to stem rust

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“…In Ethiopian stem rust samples, no virulent race has been reported against the Sr24 gene in previous years (Abebe et al, 2012; Admassu et al, 2009; Hailu et al, 2015; Hei et al, 2018). In contrast, Hei et al (2020) reported the discovery of a variant of the Ug99 group (Ug99 + Sr24 + SrTmp virulence, known as TTKTT) for the first time in Ethiopia. This boundary shift concentrates on wheat improvements in search of novel/durable stem rust resistance for effective stem rust management in the country as well as East Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the emergence of Pgt race Ug99 in East Africa with Sr31 virulence (Pretorius et al, 2000) and the re-emergence of wheat stem rust in East Africa, including Ethiopia, increased pathogen monitoring activities have resulted in the detection of new races and virulence combinations that result in a breakdown of resistance is commonly grown cultivars (Olivera et al, 2015;Singh et al, 2011). In Ethiopia, the surveillance assisted in detecting Pgt races such as TKTTF, TRTTF, JRCQC, TTTTF and TTKTT (Olivera et al, 2012(Olivera et al, ,2015Hailu et al, 2015;Hei et al, 2018Hei et al, , 2020 . Between 2013 and 2015, the TKTTF race also known as the 'Digalu race' infected the widely produced bread wheat cultivar Digalu in Ethiopia, causing up to 100% yield losses (Olivera et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence analysis of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Horro Guduru Wollega, Western Ethiopia

Abdissa

Fininsa

Abeyo

et al. 2022

Journal of Phytopathology

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Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of Ethiopia's most serious wheat diseases. Because of mutation and genetic recombination, stem rust can rapidly evolve new virulence to resistant genes. The Ethiopian highlands are well‐known hotspots for the rapid emergence and spread of new wheat stem rust races. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence diversity and spatial distribution of Pgt races in the main wheat‐growing districts, Horro Guduru Wollega. Wheat stem rust samples were collected from Abay Chomen, Amuru, Guduru, Hababo Guduru, Horro, Jardaga Jarte, Jimma Ganati and Jimma Rare districts during the main cropping seasons of 2015 and 2016. In the study, 147 stem rust isolates were derived from 121 viable samples. The physiological races of stem rust were determined on seedlings of standard wheat stem rust differentials using the International System of nomenclature. Twelve (12) physiological races of stem rust were identified. TKTTF, TTKSK, JRCQC, TRTTF and TTTTF were the most common in all districts with a frequency of 53.1%, 15.6%, 14.3%, 6.8% and 2.7%, respectively. TKTTF and TTKSK, two highly virulent races, were found in all districts. Four stem rust resistance genes (Sr11, Sr31, Sr36 and SrTmp) confer resistance to the majority of the virulent races identified. Sr24 was effective against all virulent races in this study but ineffective against the Ug99 variant (race TTKTT) detected in the country. The findings could be helpful for breeders to select many effective resistance gene combinations to provide more durable stem rust resistance.

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First Report of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TTKTT in Ethiopia

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics to global food security

The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics to global food security

Physiological Races of <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> in Ethiopia in 2019/2020

Virulence analysis of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Horro Guduru Wollega, Western Ethiopia

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First Report of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TTKTT in Ethiopia

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics to global food security

The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics to global food security

Physiological Races of &lt;i&gt;Puccinia graminis&lt;/i&gt; f. sp. &lt;i&gt;tritici&lt;/i&gt; in Ethiopia in 2019/2020

Virulence analysis of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Horro Guduru Wollega, Western Ethiopia

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Physiological Races of <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> in Ethiopia in 2019/2020